first commit

admin/cli/adhoc_task.php

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * Task executor for adhoc tasks.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2018 Andrew Nicols <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once("{$CFG->libdir}/clilib.php");
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    [
+        'help' => false,
+        'showsql' => false,
+        'showdebugging' => false,
+        'execute' => false,
+        'keep-alive' => 0,
+        'ignorelimits' => false,
+        'force' => false,
+        'id' => null,
+        'classname' => null,
+        'taskslimit' => null,
+        'failed' => false,
+    ], [
+        'h' => 'help',
+        'e' => 'execute',
+        'k' => 'keep-alive',
+        'i' => 'ignorelimits',
+        'f' => 'force',
+        'c' => 'classname',
+        'l' => 'taskslimit',
+    ]
+);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+$help = <<<EOT
+Ad hoc cron tasks.
+
+Options:
+ -h, --help                Print out this help
+     --showsql             Show sql queries before they are executed
+     --showdebugging       Show developer level debugging information
+ -e, --execute             Run all queued adhoc tasks
+ -k, --keep-alive=N        Keep this script alive for N seconds and poll for new adhoc tasks
+ -i  --ignorelimits        Ignore task_adhoc_concurrency_limit and task_adhoc_max_runtime limits
+ -f, --force               Run even if cron is disabled
+     --id                  Run (failed) task with id
+ -c, --classname           Run tasks with a certain classname (FQN)
+ -l, --taskslimit=N        Run at most N tasks
+     --failed              Run only tasks that failed, ie those with a fail delay
+
+Run all queued tasks:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/adhoc_task.php --execute
+
+Run all queued tasks of specific class:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/adhoc_task.php --classname=\\\\core_course\\\\task\\\\course_delete_modules
+
+Double backslash for the shell escape reasons.
+Run a specific task:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/adhoc_task.php --id=123456
+
+Run a specific task with debugging:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/adhoc_task.php --id=123456 --showsql --showdebugging
+
+To profile a long running task:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/adhoc_task.php --taskslimit=1 --classname='\\some\\class\\name' --ignorelimits
+
+EOT;
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if (CLI_MAINTENANCE) {
+    echo "CLI maintenance mode active, cron execution suspended.\n";
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+if (moodle_needs_upgrading()) {
+    echo "Moodle upgrade pending, cron execution suspended.\n";
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+if (!get_config('core', 'cron_enabled') && !$options['force']) {
+    mtrace('Cron is disabled. Use --force to override.');
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+// Common debugging options.
+if ($options['showdebugging']) {
+    set_debugging(DEBUG_DEVELOPER, true);
+}
+
+if ($options['showsql']) {
+    $DB->set_debug(true);
+}
+
+if (!empty($CFG->showcronsql)) {
+    $DB->set_debug(true);
+}
+if (!empty($CFG->showcrondebugging)) {
+    set_debugging(DEBUG_DEVELOPER, true);
+}
+
+// Process params.
+core_php_time_limit::raise();
+
+// Increase memory limit.
+raise_memory_limit(MEMORY_EXTRA);
+
+// Emulate normal session - we use admin account by default.
+\core\cron::setup_user();
+
+\core\local\cli\shutdown::script_supports_graceful_exit();
+$humantimenow = date('r', time());
+mtrace("Server Time: {$humantimenow}\n");
+
+$classname = $options['classname'];
+
+// Run a single adhoc task only, if requested.
+if (!empty($options['id'])) {
+    $taskid = (int) $options['id'];
+    \core\cron::run_adhoc_task($taskid);
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+// Run all failed tasks.
+if (!empty($options['failed'])) {
+    \core\cron::run_failed_adhoc_tasks($classname);
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+// Examine params and determine if we should run.
+$execute = (bool) $options['execute'];
+$keepalive = empty($options['keep-alive']) ? 0 : (int) $options['keep-alive'];
+$taskslimit = empty($options['taskslimit']) ? null : (int) $options['taskslimit'];
+$checklimits = empty($options['ignorelimits']);
+
+if ($classname || $keepalive || $taskslimit) {
+    $execute = true;
+}
+
+// Output the help text if no criteria for running the adhoc tasks are given.
+if (!$execute) {
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+\core\cron::run_adhoc_tasks(time(), $keepalive, $checklimits, null, $taskslimit, $classname);

admin/cli/alternative_component_cache.php

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This hack is intended for clustered sites that do not want
+ * to use shared cachedir for component cache.
+ *
+ * This file needs to be called after any change in PHP files in dataroot,
+ * that is before upgrade and install.
+ *
+ * @package   core
+ * @copyright 2013 Petr Skoda (skodak)  {@link http://skodak.org}
+ * @license   http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+define('ABORT_AFTER_CONFIG', true); // We need just the values from config.php.
+define('CACHE_DISABLE_ALL', true); // This prevents reading of existing caches.
+define('IGNORE_COMPONENT_CACHE', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+// Now get cli options.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    array(
+        'file'    => false,
+        'rebuild' => false,
+        'print'   => false,
+        'help'    => false
+    ),
+    array(
+        'h' => 'help'
+    )
+);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized), 2);
+}
+
+if (!$options['rebuild'] and !$options['file'] and !$options['print']) {
+    $help =
+"Create alternative component cache file
+
+Options:
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+--rebuild             Rebuild \$CFG->alternative_component_cache file
+--file=filepath       Save component cache to file
+--print               Print component cache file content
+
+Example:
+\$ php admin/cli/rebuild_alternative_component_cache.php --rebuild
+";
+
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT);
+ini_set('display_errors', 1);
+
+$content = core_component::get_cache_content();
+
+if ($options['print']) {
+    echo $content;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['rebuild']) {
+    if (empty($CFG->alternative_component_cache)) {
+        fwrite(STDERR, 'config.php does not contain $CFG->alternative_component_cache setting');
+        fwrite(STDERR, "\n");
+        exit(2);
+    }
+    $target = $CFG->alternative_component_cache;
+} else {
+    $target = $options['file'];
+}
+
+if (!$target) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, "Invalid target file $target");
+    fwrite(STDERR, "\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+$bytes = file_put_contents($target, $content);
+
+if (!$bytes) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, "Error writing to $target");
+    fwrite(STDERR, "\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+// Success.
+echo "File $target was updated\n";
+exit(0);

admin/cli/automated_backups.php

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<?php
+
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * Automated backups CLI cron
+ *
+ * This script executes
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2010 Sam Hemelryk
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');      // cli only functions
+
+// now get cli options
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(array('help'=>false),
+                                               array('h'=>'help'));
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+"Execute automated backups.
+
+This script executes automated backups completely and is designed to be
+called via cron.
+
+Options:
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/automated_backups.php
+";
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+if (CLI_MAINTENANCE) {
+    echo "CLI maintenance mode active, backup execution suspended.\n";
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+if (moodle_needs_upgrading()) {
+    echo "Moodle upgrade pending, backup execution suspended.\n";
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/adminlib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/gradelib.php');
+
+if (!empty($CFG->showcronsql)) {
+    $DB->set_debug(true);
+}
+if (!empty($CFG->showcrondebugging)) {
+    set_debugging(DEBUG_DEVELOPER, true);
+}
+
+$starttime = microtime();
+
+// Emulate normal session.
+\core\cron::setup_user();
+
+// Start output log.
+$timenow = time();
+
+mtrace("Server Time: ".date('r',$timenow)."\n\n");
+
+// Run automated backups if required.
+require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/backup/util/includes/backup_includes.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/backup/util/helper/backup_cron_helper.class.php');
+backup_cron_automated_helper::run_automated_backup(backup_cron_automated_helper::RUN_IMMEDIATELY);
+
+mtrace("Automated cron backups completed correctly");
+
+$difftime = microtime_diff($starttime, microtime());
+mtrace("Execution took ".$difftime." seconds");

admin/cli/backup.php

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script allows to do backup.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2013 Lancaster University
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', 1);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot . '/backup/util/includes/backup_includes.php');
+
+// Now get cli options.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(array(
+    'courseid' => false,
+    'courseshortname' => '',
+    'cmid' => false,
+    'destination' => '',
+    'help' => false,
+    ), array('h' => 'help'));
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help'] || !($options['courseid'] || $options['courseshortname'] || $options['cmid'])) {
+    $help = <<<EOL
+Perform backup of the given course or course module.
+
+Options:
+--courseid=INTEGER          Course ID for backup.
+--courseshortname=STRING    Course shortname for backup. This option is ignored if courseid is set.
+--cmid=INTEGER              Course module ID for backup. This option is ignored if courseid or courseshortname is set.
+--destination=STRING        Path where to store backup file. If not set the backup
+                            will be stored within the course backup file area.
+-h, --help                  Print out this help.
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/backup.php --courseid=2 --destination=/moodle/backup/\n
+EOL;
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+$admin = get_admin();
+if (!$admin) {
+    mtrace("Error: No admin account was found");
+    die;
+}
+
+// Do we need to store backup somewhere else?
+$dir = rtrim($options['destination'], '/');
+if (!empty($dir)) {
+    if (!file_exists($dir) || !is_dir($dir) || !is_writable($dir)) {
+        mtrace("Destination directory does not exists or not writable.");
+        die;
+    }
+}
+
+// Check that the course or course module exists.
+if ($options['courseid']) {
+    $course = $DB->get_record('course', array('id' => $options['courseid']), '*', MUST_EXIST);
+} else if ($options['courseshortname']) {
+    $course = $DB->get_record('course', array('shortname' => $options['courseshortname']), '*', MUST_EXIST);
+} else if ($options['cmid']) {
+    $cm = $DB->get_record('course_modules', ['id' => $options['cmid']], '*', MUST_EXIST);
+}
+
+cli_heading('Performing backup...');
+if (!empty($course)) {
+    $bc = new backup_controller(backup::TYPE_1COURSE, $course->id, backup::FORMAT_MOODLE,
+        backup::INTERACTIVE_YES, backup::MODE_GENERAL, $admin->id);
+} else if (!empty($cm)) {
+    $bc = new backup_controller(backup::TYPE_1ACTIVITY, $cm->id, backup::FORMAT_MOODLE,
+        backup::INTERACTIVE_YES, backup::MODE_GENERAL, $admin->id);
+} else {
+    throw new \moodle_exception('invalidoption');
+}
+
+// Set the default filename.
+$format = $bc->get_format();
+$type = $bc->get_type();
+$id = $bc->get_id();
+$users = $bc->get_plan()->get_setting('users')->get_value();
+$anonymised = $bc->get_plan()->get_setting('anonymize')->get_value();
+$filename = backup_plan_dbops::get_default_backup_filename($format, $type, $id, $users, $anonymised);
+$bc->get_plan()->get_setting('filename')->set_value($filename);
+
+// Execution.
+$bc->finish_ui();
+$bc->execute_plan();
+$results = $bc->get_results();
+$file = $results['backup_destination']; // May be empty if file already moved to target location.
+
+// Do we need to store backup somewhere else?
+if (!empty($dir)) {
+    if ($file) {
+        mtrace("Writing " . $dir.'/'.$filename);
+        if ($file->copy_content_to($dir.'/'.$filename)) {
+            $file->delete();
+            mtrace("Backup completed.");
+        } else {
+            mtrace("Destination directory does not exist or is not writable. Leaving the backup in the course backup file area.");
+        }
+    }
+} else {
+    if (!empty($course)) {
+        mtrace("Backup completed, the new file is listed in the backup area of the given course");
+    } else {
+        mtrace("Backup completed, the new file is listed in the backup area of the given module");
+    }
+}
+$bc->destroy();
+exit(0);

admin/cli/build_theme_css.php

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * Build and store theme CSS.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2017 Ryan Wyllie <ryan@moodle.com>
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once("$CFG->libdir/clilib.php");
+require_once("$CFG->libdir/csslib.php");
+require_once("$CFG->libdir/outputlib.php");
+
+$longparams = [
+    'themes'    => null,
+    'direction' => null,
+    'help'      => false,
+    'verbose'   => false
+];
+
+$shortmappings = [
+    't' => 'themes',
+    'd' => 'direction',
+    'h' => 'help',
+    'v' => 'verbose'
+];
+
+// Get CLI params.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params($longparams, $shortmappings);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    echo
+"Compile the CSS for one or more installed themes.
+Existing CSS caches will replaced.
+By default all themes will be recompiled unless otherwise specified.
+
+Options:
+-t, --themes    A comma separated list of themes to be compiled
+-d, --direction Only compile a single direction (either ltr or rtl)
+-v, --verbose   Print info comments to stdout
+-h, --help      Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/build_theme_css.php --themes=boost --direction=ltr
+";
+
+    die;
+}
+
+if (empty($options['verbose'])) {
+    $trace = new null_progress_trace();
+} else {
+    $trace = new text_progress_trace();
+}
+
+cli_heading('Build theme css');
+
+// Determine which themes we need to build.
+$themenames = [];
+if (is_null($options['themes'])) {
+    $trace->output('No themes specified. Finding all installed themes.');
+    $themenames = array_keys(core_component::get_plugin_list('theme'));
+} else {
+    if (is_string($options['themes'])) {
+        $themenames = explode(',', $options['themes']);
+    } else {
+        cli_error('--themes must be a comma separated list of theme names');
+    }
+}
+
+$trace->output('Checking that each theme is correctly installed...');
+$themeconfigs = [];
+foreach ($themenames as $themename) {
+    if (is_null(theme_get_config_file_path($themename))) {
+        cli_error("Unable to find theme config for {$themename}");
+    }
+
+    // Load the config for the theme.
+    $themeconfigs[] = theme_config::load($themename);
+}
+
+$directions = ['ltr', 'rtl'];
+
+if (!is_null($options['direction'])) {
+    if (!in_array($options['direction'], $directions)) {
+         cli_error("--direction must be either ltr or rtl");
+    }
+
+    $directions = [$options['direction']];
+}
+
+$trace->output('Building CSS for themes: ' . implode(', ', $themenames));
+theme_build_css_for_themes($themeconfigs, $directions);
+
+exit(0);

admin/cli/cfg.php

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI script allowing to get and set config values.
+ *
+ * This is technically just a thin wrapper for {@link get_config()} and
+ * {@link set_config()} functions.
+ *
+ * @package     core
+ * @subpackage  cli
+ * @copyright   2017 David Mudrák <david@moodle.com>
+ * @license     http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+$usage = "Displays the current value of the given site setting. Allows to set it to the given value, too.
+
+Usage:
+    # php cfg.php [--component=<componentname>] [--json] [--shell-arg]
+    # php cfg.php --name=<configname> [--component=<componentname>] [--shell-arg] [--no-eol]
+    # php cfg.php --name=<configname> [--component=<componentname>] --set=<value>
+    # php cfg.php --name=<configname> [--component=<componentname>] --unset
+    # php cfg.php [--help|-h]
+
+Options:
+    -h --help                   Print this help.
+    --component=<frankenstyle>  Name of the component the variable is part of. Defaults to core.
+    --name=<configname>         Name of the configuration variable to get/set. If missing, print all
+                                configuration variables of the given component.
+    --set=<value>               Set the given variable to this value.
+    --unset                     Unset the given variable.
+    --shell-arg                 Escape output values so that they can be directly used as shell script arguments.
+    --json                      Encode output list of values using JSON notation.
+    --no-eol                    Do not include the trailing new line character when printing the value.
+
+The list of all variables of the given component can be printed as
+tab-separated list (default) or JSON object (--json). Particular values are
+printed as raw text values, optionally escaped so that they can be directly
+used as shell script arguments (--shell-arg). Single values are displayed with
+trailing new line by default, unless explicitly disabled (--no-eol).
+
+In the read mode, the script exits with success status 0 if the requested value
+is found. If the requested variable is not set, the script exits with status 3.
+When listing all variables of the component, the exit status is always 0 even
+if no variables for the given component are found. When setting/unsetting a
+value, the exit status is 0. When attempting to set/unset a value that has
+already been hard-set in config.php, the script exits with error status 4. In
+case of unexpected error, the script exits with error status 1.
+
+Examples:
+
+    # php cfg.php
+        Prints tab-separated list of all core configuration variables and their values.
+
+    # php cfg.php --json
+        Prints list of all core configuration variables and their values as a JSON object.
+
+    # php cfg.php --name=release
+        Prints the given configuration variable - e.g. \$CFG->release in this case.
+
+    # php cfg.php --component=tool_recyclebin
+    #   Prints tab-separated list of the plugin's configuration variables.
+
+    # export DATAROOT=\$(php cfg.php --name=dataroot --shell-arg --no-eol)
+        Stores the given configuration variable in the shell variable, escaped
+        so that it can be safely used as a shell argument.
+
+    # php cfg.php --name=theme --set=classic
+        Sets the given configuration variable to the given value.
+
+    # php cfg.php --name=noemailever --unset
+        Unsets the previously configured variable.
+";
+
+list($options, $unrecognised) = cli_get_params([
+    'help' => false,
+    'component' => null,
+    'name' => null,
+    'set' => null,
+    'unset' => false,
+    'shell-arg' => false,
+    'json' => false,
+    'no-eol' => false,
+], [
+    'h' => 'help'
+]);
+
+if ($unrecognised) {
+    $unrecognised = implode(PHP_EOL.'  ', $unrecognised);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'core_admin', $unrecognised));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    cli_writeln($usage);
+    exit(2);
+}
+
+if ($options['unset'] || $options['set'] !== null) {
+    // Unset the variable or set it to the given value.
+    if (empty($options['name'])) {
+        cli_error('Missing configuration variable name', 2);
+    }
+
+    // Check that the variable is not hard-set in the main config.php already.
+    $component = $options['component'];
+    if (!empty($component)) {
+        $componentsettings = $CFG->forced_plugin_settings[$component] ?? [];
+        $settinginconfig = array_key_exists($options['name'], $componentsettings);
+    } else {
+        $settinginconfig = array_key_exists($options['name'], $CFG->config_php_settings);
+    }
+    if ($settinginconfig) {
+        cli_error('The configuration variable is hard-set in the config.php, unable to change.', 4);
+    }
+
+    $new = $options['set'];
+    $old = get_config($options['component'], $options['name']);
+    if ($new !== $old) {
+        set_config($options['name'], $options['set'], $options['component']);
+        add_to_config_log($options['name'], $old, $new, $options['component']);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['name'] === null) {
+    // List all variables provided by the component (defaults to core).
+    $got = get_config($options['component']);
+
+    if ($options['json']) {
+        cli_writeln(json_encode($got));
+
+    } else {
+        foreach ($got as $name => $value) {
+            if ($options['shell-arg']) {
+                $value = escapeshellarg($value);
+            }
+            cli_writeln($name."\t".$value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    exit(0);
+
+} else {
+    // Display the value of a single variable.
+
+    $got = get_config($options['component'], $options['name']);
+
+    if ($got === false) {
+        cli_error('No such configuration variable found.', 3);
+    }
+
+    if ($options['shell-arg']) {
+        $got = escapeshellarg($got);
+    }
+
+    if ($options['json']) {
+        $got = json_encode($got);
+    }
+
+    if ($options['no-eol']) {
+        cli_write($got);
+    } else {
+        cli_writeln($got);
+    }
+
+    exit(0);
+}

admin/cli/check_database_schema.php

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * Validate that the current db structure matches the install.xml files.
+ *
+ * @package   core
+ * @copyright 2014 Totara Learning Solutions Ltd {@link http://www.totaralms.com/}
+ * @license   http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ * @author    Petr Skoda <petr.skoda@totaralms.com>
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+$help = "Validate database structure
+
+Options:
+-h, --help            Print out this help.
+
+Example:
+\$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/check_database_schema.php
+";
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    array(
+        'help' => false,
+    ),
+    array(
+        'h' => 'help',
+    )
+);
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if (empty($CFG->version)) {
+    echo "Database is not yet installed.\n";
+    exit(2);
+}
+
+$dbmanager = $DB->get_manager();
+$schema = $dbmanager->get_install_xml_schema();
+
+if (!$errors = $dbmanager->check_database_schema($schema)) {
+    echo "Database structure is ok.\n";
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+foreach ($errors as $table => $items) {
+    cli_separator();
+    echo "$table\n";
+    foreach ($items as $item) {
+        echo " * $item\n";
+    }
+}
+cli_separator();
+
+exit(1);

admin/cli/checks.php

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI tool for system checks
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @category   check
+ * @copyright  2020 Brendan Heywood (brendan@catalyst-au.net)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+use core\check\result;
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params([
+    'help'    => false,
+    'filter'  => '',
+    'type'    => 'status',
+    'verbose' => false,
+], [
+    'h' => 'help',
+    'f' => 'filter',
+    'v' => 'verbose',
+    't' => 'type',
+]);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+$checks = \core\check\manager::get_checks($options['type']);
+$types = join(', ', \core\check\manager::TYPES);
+
+$help = "Run Moodle system checks
+
+Options:
+ -h, --help      Print out this help
+ -f, --filter    Filter to a subset of checks
+ -t, --type      Which set of checks? Defaults to 'status'
+                 One of $types
+ -v, --verbose   Show details of all checks, not just failed checks
+
+Example:
+
+  sudo -u www-data php admin/cli/checks.php
+  sudo -u www-data php admin/cli/checks.php -v
+  sudo -u www-data php admin/cli/checks.php -v --filter=environment
+
+";
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    echo $help;
+    die();
+}
+
+$filter = $options['filter'];
+if ($filter) {
+    $checks = array_filter($checks, function($check, $key) use ($filter) {
+        $ref = $check->get_ref();
+        return (strpos($ref, $filter) !== false);
+    }, 1);
+}
+
+// These shell exit codes and labels align with the NRPE standard.
+$exitcodes = [
+    result::NA        => 0,
+    result::OK        => 0,
+    result::INFO      => 0,
+    result::UNKNOWN   => 3,
+    result::WARNING   => 1,
+    result::ERROR     => 2,
+    result::CRITICAL  => 2,
+];
+$exitlabel = [
+    result::NA        => 'OK',
+    result::OK        => 'OK',
+    result::INFO      => 'OK',
+    result::UNKNOWN   => 'UNKNOWN',
+    result::WARNING   => 'WARNING',
+    result::ERROR     => 'CRITICAL',
+    result::CRITICAL  => 'CRITICAL',
+];
+
+$format = "%      10s| % -60s\n";
+$spacer = "----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
+$prefix = '          |';
+
+$output = '';
+$header = $exitlabel[result::OK] . ': ' . get_string('checksok', '', $options['type']) . "\n";
+$exitcode = $exitcodes[result::OK];
+
+foreach ($checks as $check) {
+    $ref = $check->get_ref();
+    $result = $check->get_result();
+
+    $status = $result->get_status();
+    $checkexitcode = $exitcodes[$status];
+
+    // Summary is treated as html.
+    $summary = $result->get_summary();
+    $summary = html_to_text($summary, 60, false);
+
+    if ($checkexitcode > $exitcode) {
+        $exitcode = $checkexitcode;
+        $header = $exitlabel[$status] . ': ' . $check->get_name() . " (" . $check->get_ref() . ")\n";
+    }
+
+    if (empty($messages[$status])) {
+        $messages[$status] = $result;
+    }
+
+    $len = strlen(get_string('status' . $status));
+
+    if ($options['verbose'] ||
+        $status == result::WARNING ||
+        $status == result::CRITICAL ||
+        $status == result::ERROR) {
+
+        $output .= sprintf(
+            $format,
+            $OUTPUT->check_result($result),
+            sprintf('%s (%s)', $check->get_name(), $ref)
+        );
+
+        $summary = str_replace("\n", "\n" . $prefix . '     ', $summary);
+        $output .= sprintf( $format, '', '    ' . $summary);
+
+        if ($options['verbose']) {
+            $actionlink = $check->get_action_link();
+            if ($actionlink) {
+                $output .= sprintf( $format, '', '    ' . $actionlink->url);
+            }
+            $output .= sprintf( $format, '', '');
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Print NRPE header.
+print $header;
+
+// Only show the table header if there is anything to show.
+if ($output) {
+    print sprintf($format,
+        get_string('status'). ' ',
+        get_string('check')
+    ) .  $spacer;
+    print $output;
+}
+
+// NRPE shell exit code.
+exit($exitcode);
+

admin/cli/cron.php

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI cron
+ *
+ * This script looks through all the module directories for cron.php files
+ * and runs them.  These files can contain cleanup functions, email functions
+ * or anything that needs to be run on a regular basis.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2009 Petr Skoda (http://skodak.org)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/clilib.php');
+
+// Now get cli option.
+[$options, $unrecognized] = cli_get_params(
+    [
+        'help' => false,
+        'stop' => false,
+        'list' => false,
+        'force' => false,
+        'enable' => false,
+        'disable' => false,
+        'disable-wait' => false,
+        'keep-alive' => null,
+    ],
+    [
+        'h' => 'help',
+        's' => 'stop',
+        'l' => 'list',
+        'f' => 'force',
+        'e' => 'enable',
+        'd' => 'disable',
+        'w' => 'disable-wait',
+        'k' => 'keep-alive',
+    ]
+);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+    "Execute periodic cron actions.
+
+Options:
+-h, --help               Print out this help
+-s, --stop               Notify all other running cron processes to stop after the current task
+-l, --list               Show the list of currently running tasks and how long they have been running
+-f, --force              Execute task even if cron is disabled
+-e, --enable             Enable cron
+-d, --disable            Disable cron
+-w, --disable-wait=600   Disable cron and wait until all tasks finished or fail after N seconds (optional param)
+-k, --keep-alive=N       Keep this script alive for N seconds and poll for new tasks
+                         The default value can be set by administrators in:
+                         Site administration > Server > Tasks > Task processing > Keep alive time
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/cron.php
+";
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+if ($options['stop']) {
+    // By clearing the caches this signals to other running processes
+    // to exit after finishing the current task.
+    \core\task\manager::clear_static_caches();
+    die;
+}
+
+if ($options['enable']) {
+    set_config('cron_enabled', 1);
+    mtrace('Cron has been enabled for the site.');
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['disable']) {
+    set_config('cron_enabled', 0);
+    \core\task\manager::clear_static_caches();
+    mtrace('Cron has been disabled for the site.');
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['list']) {
+    $tasks = \core\task\manager::get_running_tasks();
+    mtrace('The list of currently running tasks:');
+    $format = "%7s %-12s %-9s %-20s %-52s\n";
+    printf(
+        $format,
+        'PID',
+        'HOST',
+        'TYPE',
+        'TIME',
+        'CLASSNAME'
+    );
+    foreach ($tasks as $task) {
+        printf(
+            $format,
+            $task->pid,
+            substr($task->hostname, 0, 12),
+            $task->type,
+            format_time(time() - $task->timestarted),
+            substr($task->classname, 0, 52)
+        );
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($wait = $options['disable-wait']) {
+    $started = time();
+    if (true === $wait) {
+        // Default waiting time.
+        $waitsec = 600;
+    } else {
+        $waitsec = $wait;
+        $wait = true;
+    }
+
+    set_config('cron_enabled', 0);
+    \core\task\manager::clear_static_caches();
+    mtrace('Cron has been disabled for the site.');
+    mtrace('Allocating ' . format_time($waitsec) . ' for the tasks to finish.');
+
+    $lastcount = 0;
+    while ($wait) {
+        $tasks = \core\task\manager::get_running_tasks();
+
+        if (count($tasks) == 0) {
+            mtrace('');
+            mtrace('All scheduled and adhoc tasks finished.');
+            exit(0);
+        }
+
+        if (time() - $started >= $waitsec) {
+            mtrace('');
+            mtrace('Wait time (' . format_time($waitsec) . ') elapsed, but ' . count($tasks) . ' task(s) still running.');
+            mtrace('Exiting with code 1.');
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        if (count($tasks) !== $lastcount) {
+            mtrace('');
+            mtrace(count($tasks) . " tasks currently running.", '');
+            $lastcount = count($tasks);
+        } else {
+            mtrace('.', '');
+        }
+
+        sleep(1);
+    }
+}
+
+if (!get_config('core', 'cron_enabled') && !$options['force']) {
+    mtrace('Cron is disabled. Use --force to override.');
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+\core\local\cli\shutdown::script_supports_graceful_exit();
+
+
+$keepalive = $options['keep-alive'];
+\core\cron::run_main_process($keepalive);

admin/cli/dashboard_reset.php

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI script to reset dashboards.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2021 Brendan Heywood (brendan@catalyst-au.net)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/my/lib.php');
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params([
+    'help'    => false,
+    'execute' => false,
+], [
+    'h' => 'help',
+    'e' => 'execute',
+]);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized), 2);
+}
+
+if (!$options['execute']) {
+    $help = <<<EOF
+Resets Moodle dashboards for all users
+
+Options:
+-h, --help          Print out this help
+-e, --execute       Actually run the reset
+
+Example:
+\$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/dashboard_reset.php -e
+
+EOF;
+
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+$progressbar = new progress_bar();
+$progressbar->create();
+my_reset_page_for_all_users(MY_PAGE_PRIVATE, 'my-index', $progressbar);
+

admin/cli/delete_course.php

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI script to delete a course.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @author     Mikhail Golenkov <mikhailgolenkov@catalyst-au.net>
+ * @copyright  2022 Catalyst IT
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/clilib.php');
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    [
+        'courseid' => false,
+        'help' => false,
+        'showsql' => false,
+        'showdebugging' => false,
+        'disablerecyclebin' => false,
+        'non-interactive' => false,
+    ], [
+        'c' => 'courseid',
+        'h' => 'help',
+    ]
+);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help'] || empty($options['courseid'])) {
+    $help = <<<EOT
+CLI script to delete a course.
+
+Options:
+ -h, --help                Print out this help
+     --showsql             Show sql queries before they are executed
+     --showdebugging       Show developer level debugging information
+     --disablerecyclebin   Skip backing up the course
+     --non-interactive     No interactive questions or confirmations
+ -c, --courseid            Course id to be deleted
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/delete_course.php --courseid=123456
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/delete_course.php --courseid=123456 --showdebugging
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/delete_course.php --courseid=123456 --disablerecyclebin
+
+EOT;
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+$interactive = empty($options['non-interactive']);
+
+if ($options['showdebugging']) {
+    mtrace('Enabling debugging...');
+    set_debugging(DEBUG_DEVELOPER, true);
+}
+
+if ($options['showsql']) {
+    mtrace('Enabling SQL debugging...');
+    $DB->set_debug(true);
+}
+
+if (CLI_MAINTENANCE) {
+    cli_error('CLI maintenance mode active, CLI execution suspended');
+}
+
+if (moodle_needs_upgrading()) {
+    cli_error('Moodle upgrade pending, CLI execution suspended');
+}
+
+$course = $DB->get_record('course', array('id' => $options['courseid']));
+if (empty($course)) {
+    cli_error('Course not found');
+}
+
+mtrace('Deleting course id ' . $course->id);
+mtrace('Course name: ' . $course->fullname);
+mtrace('Short name: ' . $course->shortname);
+
+if ($interactive) {
+    mtrace('');
+    $input = cli_input('Are you sure you wish to delete this course? (y/N)', 'N', ['y', 'Y', 'n', 'N']);
+    if (strtolower($input) != 'y') {
+        exit(0);
+    }
+}
+
+if ($options['disablerecyclebin']) {
+    mtrace('Disabling recycle bin...');
+    $overrideconfig = ['tool_recyclebin' => ['coursebinenable' => false, 'categorybinenable' => false]];
+    $CFG->forced_plugin_settings = array_merge($CFG->forced_plugin_settings, $overrideconfig);
+}
+
+core_php_time_limit::raise();
+delete_course($course);
+
+mtrace('Updating course count in categories...');
+fix_course_sortorder();
+
+mtrace('Done!');

admin/cli/emailstop.php

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script allows you to view and change the emailstop flag of any user.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2023 Stephan Robotta (stephan.robotta@bfh.ch)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+// Define the input options.
+$longparams = [
+    'email' => '',
+    'help' => false,
+    'id' => '',
+    'quiet' => false,
+    'stop' => '',
+    'username' => '',
+];
+
+$shortparams = [
+    'e' => 'email',
+    'h' => 'help',
+    'i' => 'id',
+    'q' => 'quiet',
+    's' => 'stop',
+    'u' => 'username',
+];
+
+// Define exit codes.
+$exitsuccess = 0;
+$exitunknownoption = 1;
+$exitmissinguserarg = 2;
+$exittoomanyuserarg = 3;
+$exitnosearchargs = 4;
+$exitnousersfound = 5;
+$exitinvalidstopflag = 6;
+$exiterrordb = 7;
+
+// Now get cli options that are set by the caller.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params($longparams, $shortparams);
+
+$verbose = empty($options['quiet']);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    if ($verbose) {
+        cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized), $exitunknownoption);
+    }
+    exit($exitunknownoption);
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+        "Set/unset or show status of emailstop flag for a user, identified by username or email.
+
+There are no security checks here because anybody who is able to
+execute this file may execute any PHP too.
+
+Options:
+-h, --help                    Print out this help
+-e, --email=email             Specify user by email, separate many users by comma
+-i, --id=id                   Specify user by id, separate many users by comma
+-q, --quiet                   No output to stdout
+-s, --stop=0|1|off|on         Set new value for emailstop flag
+-u, --username=username       Specify user by username, separate many users by comma
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/emailstop.php --email=student1@example.com --stop=1
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/emailstop.php --email=student1@example.com,student2@example.com
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/emailstop.php --u=student1,student2 -s=on
+";
+
+    echo $help;
+    exit($exitsuccess);
+}
+
+$cntempty = 0;
+$cntfilled = 0;
+$searchargs = [];
+
+// Try to find out which option is used to fetch the users from. Also do sanitize etc.
+foreach (['email', 'username', 'id'] as $option) {
+    if (empty($options[$option])) {
+        $cntempty++;
+    } else {
+        $cntfilled++;
+        $argname = $option;
+        // The search args must be: split by the comma, trimmed, and empty elements filtered out.
+        $searchargs = array_flip(array_filter(
+            array_map(
+                function ($item) {
+                    return trim($item);
+                },
+                explode(',', $options[$option])
+            ),
+            function ($item) {
+                return $item !== '';
+            }
+        ));
+    }
+}
+if ($cntempty === 3) {
+    if ($verbose) {
+        cli_error('One of username, email, or id must be set.', $exitmissinguserarg);
+    }
+    exit($exitmissinguserarg);
+}
+if ($cntfilled > 1) {
+    if ($verbose) {
+        cli_error('Only one of email, username, or id can be set to identify a user.', $exittoomanyuserarg);
+    }
+    exit($exittoomanyuserarg);
+}
+if (empty($searchargs)) {
+    if ($verbose) {
+        cli_error('No values are provided for users.', $exitnosearchargs);
+    }
+    exit($exitnosearchargs);
+}
+try {
+    $users = $DB->get_records_list('user', $argname, array_keys($searchargs));
+} catch (Exception $e) {
+    if ($verbose) {
+        cli_error("Could not fetch data from db by {$argname}: '{$options[$argname]}'.", $exiterrordb);
+    }
+    exit($exiterrordb);
+}
+if (empty($users)) {
+    if ($verbose) {
+        cli_error("Can not find any user by {$argname}: '{$options[$argname]}'.", $exitnousersfound);
+    }
+    exit($exitnousersfound);
+}
+
+// No stop flag set, then just print the user and the current emailstop flag state.
+if ($options['stop'] === '') {
+    foreach ($users as $user) {
+        if ($verbose) {
+            echo 'user=' . $user->{$argname} . ' - emailstop=' . (int)$user->emailstop . PHP_EOL;
+            unset($searchargs[$user->{$argname}]);
+        }
+    }
+    if ($verbose) {
+        foreach (array_keys($searchargs) as $arg) {
+            echo 'user=' . $arg . ' - not found' . PHP_EOL;
+        }
+    }
+    exit($exitsuccess);
+}
+
+// Allowed values for the stop flag enabled are 1 and on, for disabled are 0 and off.
+$validvalues = ['0', '1', 'off', 'on'];
+$stopflag = strtolower($options['stop']);
+if (!in_array($stopflag, $validvalues)) {
+    if ($verbose) {
+        cli_error('Value for the emailstop flag must be one of: ' . implode(', ', $validvalues) . '.', $exitinvalidstopflag);
+    }
+    exit($exitinvalidstopflag);
+}
+
+foreach ($validvalues as $value) {
+    if ($value === $stopflag) {
+        $stopflag = ($value === '1' || $value === 'on') ? 1 : 0;
+        break;
+    }
+}
+// Update each user with the stop flag to be set if it is necessary.
+foreach ($users as $user) {
+    $line = 'Update user ' . $user->{$argname} . ($argname !== 'id' ? ' (' . $user->id . ')' : '') . ' - ';
+    if ((int)$user->emailstop !== $stopflag) {
+        $DB->set_field('user', 'emailstop', $stopflag, ['id' => $user->id]);
+        $line .= 'ok';
+    } else {
+        $line .= 'already done';
+    }
+    if ($verbose) {
+        echo $line . PHP_EOL;
+        unset($searchargs[$user->{$argname}]);
+    }
+
+}
+if ($verbose) {
+    foreach (array_keys($searchargs) as $arg) {
+        echo 'user=' . $arg . ' - not found' . PHP_EOL;
+    }
+}
+exit($exitsuccess);
+

admin/cli/fix_course_sequence.php

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script fixed incorrectly deleted users.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2013 Marina Glancy
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+// Get cli options.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    array(
+        'courses'           => false,
+        'fix'               => false,
+        'help'              => false
+    ),
+    array(
+        'h' => 'help',
+        'c' => 'courses',
+        'f' => 'fix'
+    )
+);
+
+if ($options['help'] || empty($options['courses'])) {
+    $help =
+"Checks and fixes that course modules and sections reference each other correctly.
+
+Compares DB fields course_sections.sequence and course_modules.section
+checking that:
+- course_sections.sequence contains each module id not more than once in the course
+- for each moduleid from course_sections.sequence the field course_modules.section
+  refers to the same section id (this means course_sections.sequence is more
+  important if they are different)
+- each module in the course is present in one of course_sections.sequence
+- section sequences do not contain non-existing course modules
+
+If there are any mismatches, the message is displayed. If --fix is specified,
+the records in DB are corrected.
+
+This script may run for a long time on big systems if called for all courses.
+
+Avoid executing the script when another user may simultaneously edit any of the
+courses being checked (recommended to run in mainenance mode).
+
+Options:
+-c, --courses         List courses that need to be checked (comma-separated
+                      values or * for all). Required
+-f, --fix             Fix the mismatches in DB. If not specified check only and
+                      report problems to STDERR
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_course_sequence.php --courses=*
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_course_sequence.php --courses=2,3,4 --fix
+";
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+$courseslist = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', $options['courses'], -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
+if (in_array('*', $courseslist)) {
+    $where = '';
+    $params = array();
+} else {
+    list($sql, $params) = $DB->get_in_or_equal($courseslist, SQL_PARAMS_NAMED, 'id');
+    $where = 'WHERE id '. $sql;
+}
+$coursescount = $DB->get_field_sql('SELECT count(id) FROM {course} '. $where, $params);
+
+if (!$coursescount) {
+    cli_error('No courses found');
+}
+echo "Checking $coursescount courses...\n\n";
+
+require_once($CFG->dirroot. '/course/lib.php');
+
+$problems = array();
+$courses = $DB->get_fieldset_sql('SELECT id FROM {course} '. $where, $params);
+foreach ($courses as $courseid) {
+    $errors = course_integrity_check($courseid, null, null, true, empty($options['fix']));
+    if ($errors) {
+        if (!empty($options['fix'])) {
+            // Reset the course cache to make sure cache is recalculated next time the course is viewed.
+            rebuild_course_cache($courseid, true);
+        }
+        foreach ($errors as $error) {
+            cli_problem($error);
+        }
+        $problems[] = $courseid;
+    } else {
+        echo "Course [$courseid] is OK\n";
+    }
+}
+if (!count($problems)) {
+    echo "\n...All courses are OK\n";
+} else {
+    if (!empty($options['fix'])) {
+        echo "\n...Found and fixed ".count($problems)." courses with problems". "\n";
+    } else {
+        echo "\n...Found ".count($problems)." courses with problems. To fix run:\n";
+        echo "\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_course_sequence.php --courses=".join(',', $problems)." --fix". "\n";
+    }
+}

admin/cli/fix_deleted_users.php

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script fixed incorrectly deleted users.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2013 Petr Skoda (http://skodak.org)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+
+// Now get cli options.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(array('help'=>false),
+    array('h'=>'help'));
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+        "Fix incorrectly deleted users.
+
+        This scripts detects users that are marked as deleted instead
+        of calling delete_user().
+
+        Deleted users do not have original username, idnumber or email,
+        we must also delete all roles, enrolments, group memberships, etc.
+
+        Please note this script does not delete any public information
+        such as forum posts.
+
+        Options:
+        -h, --help            Print out this help
+
+        Example:
+        \$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_deleted_users.php
+        ";
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+cli_heading('Looking for sloppy user deletes');
+
+// Look for sloppy deleted users where somebody only flipped the deleted flag.
+$sql = "SELECT *
+          FROM {user}
+         WHERE deleted = 1 AND email LIKE '%@%' AND username NOT LIKE '%@%'";
+$rs = $DB->get_recordset_sql($sql);
+foreach ($rs as $user) {
+    echo "Redeleting user $user->id: $user->username ($user->email)\n";
+    delete_user($user);
+}
+$rs->close();
+
+cli_heading('Deleting all leftovers');
+
+$DB->set_field('user', 'idnumber', '', array('deleted'=>1));
+
+$DB->delete_records_select('role_assignments', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+$DB->delete_records_select('cohort_members', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+$DB->delete_records_select('groups_members', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+$DB->delete_records_select('user_enrolments', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+$DB->delete_records_select('user_preferences', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+$DB->delete_records_select('user_info_data', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+$DB->delete_records_select('user_lastaccess', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+$DB->delete_records_select('external_tokens', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+$DB->delete_records_select('external_services_users', "userid IN (SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE deleted = 1)");
+
+exit(0);

admin/cli/fix_orphaned_calendar_events.php

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * Fix orphaned calendar events that were broken by MDL-67494.
+ *
+ * This script will look for all the calendar events which userids
+ * where broken by a wrong upgrade step, affecting to Moodle 3.9.5
+ * and up.
+ *
+ * It performs checks to both:
+ *    a) Detect if the site was affected (ran the wrong upgrade step).
+ *    b) Look for orphaned calendar events, categorising them as:
+ *       - standard: site / category / course / group / user events
+ *       - subscription: events created via subscriptions.
+ *       - action: normal action events, created to show common important dates.
+ *       - override: user and group override events, particular, that some activities support.
+ *       - custom: other events, not being any of the above, common or particular.
+ * By specifying it (--fix) try to recover as many broken events (missing userid) as
+ * possible. Standard, subscription, action, override events in core are fully supported but
+ * override or custom events should be fixed by each plugin as far as there isn't any standard
+ * API (plugin-wise) to launch a rebuild of the calendar events.
+ *
+ * @package core
+ * @copyright 2021 onwards Simey Lameze <simey@moodle.com>
+ * @license    https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require_once(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . "/clilib.php");
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/db/upgradelib.php');
+
+// Supported options.
+$long = ['fix'  => false, 'help' => false];
+$short = ['f' => 'fix', 'h' => 'help'];
+
+// CLI options.
+[$options, $unrecognized] = cli_get_params($long, $short);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help = <<<EOT
+Fix orphaned calendar events.
+
+  This script detects calendar events that have had their
+  userid lost. By default it will perform various checks
+  and report them, showing the site status in an easy way.
+
+  Also, optionally (--fix), it wil try to recover as many
+  lost userids as possible from different sources. Note that
+  this script aims to process well-know events in core,
+  leaving custom events in 3rd part plugins mostly unmodified
+  because there isn't any consistent way to regenerate them.
+
+  For more details:  https://tracker.moodle.org/browse/MDL-71156
+
+Options:
+  -h, --help    Print out this help.
+  -f, --fix     Fix the orphaned calendar events in the DB.
+                If not specified only check and report problems to STDERR.
+
+Usage:
+  - Only report:    \$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_orphaned_calendar_events.php
+  - Report and fix: \$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_orphaned_calendar_events.php -f
+EOT;
+
+    cli_writeln($help);
+    die;
+}
+
+// Check various usual pre-requisites.
+if (empty($CFG->version)) {
+    cli_error('Database is not yet installed.');
+}
+
+$admin = get_admin();
+if (!$admin) {
+    cli_error('Error: No admin account was found.');
+}
+
+if (moodle_needs_upgrading()) {
+    cli_error('Moodle upgrade pending, script execution suspended.');
+}
+
+// Do everything as admin by default.
+\core\session\manager::set_user($admin);
+
+// Report current site status.
+cli_heading('Checking the site status');
+$needsfix = upgrade_calendar_site_status();
+
+// Report current calendar events status.
+cli_heading('Checking the calendar events status');
+$info = upgrade_calendar_events_status();
+$hasbadevents = $info['total']->bad > 0 || $info['total']->bad != $info['other']->bad;
+$needsfix = $needsfix || $hasbadevents;
+
+// If, selected, fix as many calendar events as possible.
+if ($options['fix']) {
+
+    // If the report has told us that the fix was not needed... ask for confirmation!
+    if (!$needsfix) {
+        cli_writeln("This site DOES NOT NEED to run the calendar events fix.");
+        $input = cli_input('Are you completely sure that you want to run the fix? (y/N)', 'N', ['y', 'Y', 'n', 'N']);
+        if (strtolower($input) != 'y') {
+            exit(0);
+        }
+        cli_writeln("");
+    }
+    cli_heading('Fixing as many as possible calendar events');
+    upgrade_calendar_events_fix_remaining($info);
+    // Report current (after fix) calendar events status.
+    cli_heading('Checking the calendar events status (after fix)');
+    upgrade_calendar_events_status();
+} else if ($needsfix) {
+    // Fix option was not provided but problem events have been found. Notify the user and provide info how to fix these events.
+    cli_writeln("This site NEEDS to run the calendar events fix!");
+    cli_writeln("To fix the calendar events, re-run this script with the --fix option.");
+}

admin/cli/fix_orphaned_question_categories.php

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script fixes orphaned question categories.
+ *
+ * Orphaned question categories have had their associated context deleted
+ * but the category itself remains in the database with an invalid context.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2013 Tyler Bannister (tyler.bannister@remote-learner.net)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/questionlib.php');
+
+$long = array('fix'  => false, 'help' => false);
+$short = array('f' => 'fix', 'h' => 'help');
+
+// Now get cli options.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params($long, $short);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+        "Fix orphaned question categories.
+
+        This scripts detects question categories that have had their
+        context deleted, thus severing them from their original purpose.
+
+        This script will find the orphaned categories and delete the unused
+        questions in each category found.  Used questions will not be
+        deleted, instead they will be moved to a rescue question category.
+
+        Options:
+        -h, --help            Print out this help
+        -f, --fix             Fix the orphaned question categories in the DB.
+                              If not specified only check and report problems to STDERR.
+        Example:
+        \$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_orphaned_question_categories.php
+        \$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_orphaned_question_categories.php -f
+        ";
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+cli_heading('Checking for orphaned categories');
+
+
+$sql = 'SELECT qc.id, qc.contextid, qc.name
+          FROM {question_categories} qc
+     LEFT JOIN {context} c ON qc.contextid = c.id
+         WHERE c.id IS NULL';
+$categories = $DB->get_recordset_sql($sql);
+
+$i = 0;
+foreach ($categories as $category) {
+    $i += 1;
+    echo "Found orphaned category: {$category->name}\n";
+    if (!empty($options['fix'])) {
+        echo "Cleaning...";
+        // One transaction per category.
+        $transaction = $DB->start_delegated_transaction();
+        question_category_delete_safe($category);
+        $transaction->allow_commit();
+        echo "  Done!\n";
+    }
+}
+
+if (($i > 0) && !empty($options['fix'])) {
+    echo "Found and removed {$i} orphaned question categories\n";
+} else if ($i > 0) {
+    echo "Found {$i} orphaned question categories. To fix, run:\n";
+    echo "\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/fix_orphaned_question_categories.php --fix\n";
+} else {
+    echo "No orphaned question categories found.\n";
+}
+
+
+$categories->close();

admin/cli/generate_key.php

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * Generates a secure key for the current server (presuming it does not already exist).
+ *
+ * @package core_admin
+ * @copyright 2020 The Open University
+ * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+use \core\encryption;
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/clilib.php');
+
+// Get cli options.
+[$options, $unrecognized] = cli_get_params(
+        ['help' => false, 'method' => null],
+        ['h' => 'help']);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    echo "Generate secure key
+
+This script manually creates a secure key within the secret data root folder (configured in
+config.php as \$CFG->secretdataroot). You must run it using an account with access to write
+to that folder.
+
+In normal use Moodle automatically creates the key; this script is intended when setting up
+a new Moodle system, for cases where the secure folder is not on shared storage and the key
+may be manually installed on multiple servers.
+
+Options:
+-h, --help         Print out this help
+--method <method>  Generate key for specified encryption method instead of default (sodium)
+
+Example:
+php admin/cli/generate_key.php
+";
+    exit;
+}
+
+$method = $options['method'];
+
+if (encryption::key_exists($method)) {
+    echo 'Key already exists: ' . encryption::get_key_file($method) . "\n";
+    exit;
+}
+
+// Creates key with default permissions (no chmod).
+echo "Generating key...\n";
+encryption::create_key($method, false);
+
+echo "\nKey created: " . encryption::get_key_file($method) . "\n\n";
+echo "If the key folder is not shared storage, then key files should be copied to all servers.\n";

admin/cli/import.php

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script allows to import a course from CLI.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @author     Tomo Tsuyuki <tomotsuyuki@catalyst-au.net>
+ * @copyright  2023 Catalyst IT
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', 1);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/clilib.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot . '/backup/util/includes/backup_includes.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot . "/backup/util/includes/restore_includes.php");
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params([
+    'srccourseid' => '',
+    'srccmid' => '',
+    'dstcourseid' => '',
+    'showdebugging' => false,
+    'help' => false,
+], [
+    's' => 'showdebugging',
+    'h' => 'help',
+]);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help'] ||
+    !(($options['srccourseid'] && $options['dstcourseid'])
+        || ($options['srccmid'] && $options['dstcourseid']))) {
+    $help = <<<EOL
+Import course or course module into provided course.
+
+Options:
+    --srccourseid=INT   Source course ID to backup.
+    --srccmid=INT       Source course module ID to backup.
+    --dstcourseid=INT   Destination course ID to restore.
+-s, --showdebugging     Show developer level debugging information
+-h, --help              Print out this help.
+
+Example1: (Import from a course into another course)
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/import.php --srccourseid=12 --dstcourseid=13\n
+
+Example2: (Import from a course module into a course)
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/import.php --srccmid=21 --dstcourseid=11\n
+EOL;
+
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['showdebugging']) {
+    set_debugging(DEBUG_DEVELOPER, true);
+}
+
+if (!$admin = get_admin()) {
+    throw new \moodle_exception('noadmins');
+}
+
+if (!empty($options['srccourseid']) && !empty($options['dstcourseid'])) {
+    // Import from course into course.
+    if (!$srccourse = $DB->get_record('course', ['id' => $options['srccourseid']], 'id')) {
+        throw new \moodle_exception('invalidcourseid');
+    }
+    if (!$dstcourse = $DB->get_record('course', ['id' => $options['dstcourseid']], 'id')) {
+        throw new \moodle_exception('invalidcourseid');
+    }
+
+    cli_heading(get_string('importfromcoursetocourse', 'backup', (object)$options));
+    $bc = new backup_controller(backup::TYPE_1COURSE, $srccourse->id, backup::FORMAT_MOODLE,
+        backup::INTERACTIVE_NO, backup::MODE_IMPORT, $admin->id);
+    $backupid = $bc->get_backupid();
+    $bc->execute_plan();
+    $bc->destroy();
+    cli_heading(get_string('backupthenrestore', 'backup'));
+
+    $rc = new restore_controller($backupid, $dstcourse->id, backup::INTERACTIVE_NO,
+        backup::MODE_SAMESITE, $admin->id, backup::TARGET_EXISTING_ADDING);
+    $rc->execute_precheck();
+    $rc->execute_plan();
+    $rc->destroy();
+    cli_heading(get_string('restoredcourseid', 'backup', $dstcourse->id));
+} else if (!empty($options['srccmid']) && !empty($options['dstcourseid'])) {
+    // Import from course module into course.
+    if (!$cm = $DB->get_record('course_modules', ['id' => $options['srccmid']], 'id')) {
+        throw new \moodle_exception('invalidcoursemoduleid', 'error', '', $options['srccmid']);
+    }
+    if (!$course = $DB->get_record('course', ['id' => $options['dstcourseid']], 'id')) {
+        throw new \moodle_exception('invalidcourseid');
+    }
+
+    cli_heading(get_string('importfromccmidtocourse', 'backup', (object)$options));
+    $bc = new backup_controller(backup::TYPE_1ACTIVITY, $cm->id, backup::FORMAT_MOODLE,
+        backup::INTERACTIVE_NO, backup::MODE_IMPORT, $admin->id);
+    $backupid = $bc->get_backupid();
+    $bc->execute_plan();
+    $bc->destroy();
+    cli_heading(get_string('backupthenrestore', 'backup'));
+
+    $rc = new restore_controller($backupid, $course->id, backup::INTERACTIVE_NO,
+        backup::MODE_SAMESITE, $admin->id, backup::TARGET_EXISTING_ADDING);
+    $rc->execute_precheck();
+    $rc->execute_plan();
+    $rc->destroy();
+    cli_heading(get_string('restoredcourseid', 'backup', $course->id));
+} else {
+    throw new \moodle_exception('invalidoption');
+}
+
+exit(0);

admin/cli/install.php

@@ -0,0 +1,855 @@
+<?php
+
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script creates config.php file and prepares database.
+ *
+ * This script is not intended for beginners!
+ * Potential problems:
+ * - su to apache account or sudo before execution
+ * - not compatible with Windows platform
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2009 Petr Skoda (http://skodak.org)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+// extra execution prevention - we can not just require config.php here
+if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+// Force OPcache reset if used, we do not want any stale caches
+// when preparing test environment.
+if (function_exists('opcache_reset')) {
+    opcache_reset();
+}
+
+$help =
+"Command line Moodle installer, creates config.php and initializes database.
+Please note you must execute this script with the same uid as apache
+or use chmod/chown after installation.
+
+Site defaults may be changed via local/defaults.php.
+
+Options:
+--chmod=OCTAL-MODE    Permissions of new directories created within dataroot.
+                      Default is 2777. You may want to change it to 2770
+                      or 2750 or 750. See chmod man page for details.
+--lang=CODE           Installation and default site language.
+--wwwroot=URL         Web address for the Moodle site,
+                      required in non-interactive mode.
+--dataroot=DIR        Location of the moodle data folder,
+                      must not be web accessible. Default is moodledata
+                      in the parent directory.
+--dbtype=TYPE         Database type. Default is mysqli
+--dbhost=HOST         Database host. Default is localhost
+--dbname=NAME         Database name. Default is moodle
+--dbuser=USERNAME     Database user. Default is root
+--dbpass=PASSWORD     Database password. Default is blank
+--dbport=NUMBER       Use database port.
+--dbsocket=PATH       Use database socket, 1 means default. Available for some databases only.
+--prefix=STRING       Table prefix for above database tables. Default is mdl_
+--fullname=STRING     The fullname of the site
+--shortname=STRING    The shortname of the site
+--summary=STRING      The summary to be displayed on the front page
+--adminuser=USERNAME  Username for the moodle admin account. Default is admin
+--adminpass=PASSWORD  Password for the moodle admin account,
+                      required in non-interactive mode.
+--adminemail=STRING   Email address for the moodle admin account.
+--sitepreset=STRING   Admin site preset to be applied during the installation process.
+--supportemail=STRING Email address for support and help.
+--upgradekey=STRING   The upgrade key to be set in the config.php, leave empty to not set it.
+--non-interactive     No interactive questions, installation fails if any
+                      problem encountered.
+--agree-license       Indicates agreement with software license,
+                      required in non-interactive mode.
+--allow-unstable      Install even if the version is not marked as stable yet,
+                      required in non-interactive mode.
+--skip-database       Stop the installation before installing the database.
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/install.php --lang=cs
+"; //TODO: localize, mark as needed in install - to be translated later when everything is finished
+
+
+// distro specific customisation
+$distrolibfile = __DIR__.'/../../install/distrolib.php';
+$distro = null;
+if (file_exists($distrolibfile)) {
+    require_once($distrolibfile);
+    if (function_exists('distro_get_config')) {
+        $distro = distro_get_config();
+    }
+}
+
+// Nothing to do if config.php exists
+$configfile = __DIR__.'/../../config.php';
+if (file_exists($configfile)) {
+    require($configfile);
+    require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+    list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(array('help'=>false), array('h'=>'help'));
+
+    if ($options['help']) {
+        echo $help;
+        echo "\n\n";
+    }
+
+    if ($DB->get_manager()->table_exists('config')) {
+        cli_error(get_string('clialreadyinstalled', 'install'));
+    } else {
+        cli_error(get_string('clialreadyconfigured', 'install'));
+    }
+}
+
+$olddir = getcwd();
+
+// change directory so that includes below work properly
+chdir(dirname($_SERVER['argv'][0]));
+
+// Servers should define a default timezone in php.ini, but if they don't then make sure something is defined.
+if (!function_exists('date_default_timezone_set') or !function_exists('date_default_timezone_get')) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, "Timezone functions are not available.\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+date_default_timezone_set(@date_default_timezone_get());
+
+// make sure PHP errors are displayed - helps with diagnosing of problems
+@error_reporting(E_ALL);
+@ini_set('display_errors', '1');
+// we need a lot of memory
+@ini_set('memory_limit', '128M');
+
+/** Used by library scripts to check they are being called by Moodle */
+define('MOODLE_INTERNAL', true);
+
+// Disables all caching.
+define('CACHE_DISABLE_ALL', true);
+
+define('PHPUNIT_TEST', false);
+
+define('IGNORE_COMPONENT_CACHE', true);
+
+// Check that PHP is of a sufficient version as soon as possible.
+require_once(__DIR__.'/../../lib/phpminimumversionlib.php');
+moodle_require_minimum_php_version();
+
+// set up configuration
+global $CFG;
+$CFG = new stdClass();
+$CFG->lang                 = 'en';
+$CFG->dirroot              = dirname(dirname(__DIR__));
+$CFG->libdir               = "$CFG->dirroot/lib";
+$CFG->wwwroot              = "http://localhost";
+$CFG->httpswwwroot         = $CFG->wwwroot;
+$CFG->docroot              = 'http://docs.moodle.org';
+$CFG->running_installer    = true;
+$CFG->early_install_lang   = true;
+$CFG->ostype               = (stristr(PHP_OS, 'win') && !stristr(PHP_OS, 'darwin')) ? 'WINDOWS' : 'UNIX';
+$CFG->dboptions            = array();
+$CFG->debug                = (E_ALL | E_STRICT);
+$CFG->debugdisplay         = true;
+$CFG->debugdeveloper       = true;
+
+$parts = explode('/', str_replace('\\', '/', dirname(__DIR__)));
+$CFG->admin                = array_pop($parts);
+
+//point pear include path to moodles lib/pear so that includes and requires will search there for files before anywhere else
+//the problem is that we need specific version of quickforms and hacked excel files :-(
+ini_set('include_path', $CFG->libdir.'/pear' . PATH_SEPARATOR . ini_get('include_path'));
+
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/classes/component.php');
+
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/classes/text.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/classes/string_manager.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/classes/string_manager_install.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/classes/string_manager_standard.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/installlib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/setuplib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/weblib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/dmllib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/moodlelib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/deprecatedlib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/adminlib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/componentlib.class.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/cache/lib.php');
+
+// Register our classloader.
+\core_component::register_autoloader();
+
+require($CFG->dirroot.'/version.php');
+$CFG->target_release = $release;
+
+\core\session\manager::init_empty_session();
+global $SESSION;
+global $USER;
+
+global $COURSE;
+$COURSE = new stdClass();
+$COURSE->id = 1;
+
+global $SITE;
+$SITE = $COURSE;
+define('SITEID', 1);
+
+//Database types
+$databases = array('mysqli' => moodle_database::get_driver_instance('mysqli', 'native'),
+                   'auroramysql' => moodle_database::get_driver_instance('auroramysql', 'native'),
+                   'mariadb'=> moodle_database::get_driver_instance('mariadb', 'native'),
+                   'pgsql'  => moodle_database::get_driver_instance('pgsql',  'native'),
+                   'oci'    => moodle_database::get_driver_instance('oci',    'native'),
+                   'sqlsrv' => moodle_database::get_driver_instance('sqlsrv', 'native'), // MS SQL*Server PHP driver
+                  );
+foreach ($databases as $type=>$database) {
+    if ($database->driver_installed() !== true) {
+        unset($databases[$type]);
+    }
+}
+if (empty($databases)) {
+    $defaultdb = '';
+} else {
+    reset($databases);
+    $defaultdb = key($databases);
+}
+
+// now get cli options
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    array(
+        'chmod'             => isset($distro->directorypermissions) ? sprintf('%04o',$distro->directorypermissions) : '2777', // let distros set dir permissions
+        'lang'              => $CFG->lang,
+        'wwwroot'           => '',
+        'dataroot'          => empty($distro->dataroot) ? str_replace('\\', '/', dirname(dirname(dirname(__DIR__))).'/moodledata'): $distro->dataroot, // initialised later after including libs or by distro
+        'dbtype'            => empty($distro->dbtype) ? $defaultdb : $distro->dbtype, // let distro skip dbtype selection
+        'dbhost'            => empty($distro->dbhost) ? 'localhost' : $distro->dbhost, // let distros set dbhost
+        'dbname'            => 'moodle',
+        'dbuser'            => empty($distro->dbuser) ? 'root' : $distro->dbuser, // let distros set dbuser
+        'dbpass'            => '',
+        'dbport'            => '',
+        'dbsocket'          => '',
+        'prefix'            => 'mdl_',
+        'fullname'          => '',
+        'shortname'         => '',
+        'summary'           => '',
+        'adminuser'         => 'admin',
+        'adminpass'         => '',
+        'adminemail'        => '',
+        'sitepreset'        => '',
+        'supportemail'      => '',
+        'upgradekey'        => '',
+        'non-interactive'   => false,
+        'agree-license'     => false,
+        'allow-unstable'    => false,
+        'skip-database'     => false,
+        'help'              => false
+    ),
+    array(
+        'h' => 'help'
+    )
+);
+
+$interactive = empty($options['non-interactive']);
+$skipdatabase = $options['skip-database'];
+
+// set up language
+$lang = clean_param($options['lang'], PARAM_SAFEDIR);
+$languages = get_string_manager()->get_list_of_translations();
+if (array_key_exists($lang, $languages)) {
+    $CFG->lang = $lang;
+}
+
+// Set up site admin preset.
+$sitepreset = clean_param($options['sitepreset'], PARAM_RAW);
+if (!empty($sitepreset)) {
+    $CFG->setsitepresetduringinstall = $sitepreset;
+}
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+//Print header
+cli_logo();
+echo PHP_EOL;
+echo get_string('cliinstallheader', 'install', $CFG->target_release)."\n";
+
+//Fist select language
+if ($interactive) {
+    cli_separator();
+    // Do not put the langs into columns because it is not compatible with RTL.
+    $default = $CFG->lang;
+    cli_heading(get_string('chooselanguagehead', 'install'));
+    if (array_key_exists($default, $languages)) {
+        echo $default.' - '.$languages[$default]."\n";
+    }
+    if ($default !== 'en') {
+        echo 'en - English (en)'."\n";
+    }
+    echo '? - '.get_string('availablelangs', 'install')."\n";
+    $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $CFG->lang);
+    $error = '';
+    do {
+        echo $error;
+        $input = cli_input($prompt, $default);
+
+        if ($input === '?') {
+            echo implode("\n", $languages)."\n";
+            $error = "\n";
+
+        } else {
+            $input = clean_param($input, PARAM_SAFEDIR);
+
+            if (!array_key_exists($input, $languages)) {
+                $error = get_string('cliincorrectvalueretry', 'admin')."\n";
+            } else {
+                $error = '';
+            }
+        }
+    } while ($error !== '');
+    $CFG->lang = $input;
+} else {
+    // already selected and verified
+}
+
+// Set directorypermissions first
+$chmod = octdec(clean_param($options['chmod'], PARAM_INT));
+if ($interactive) {
+    cli_separator();
+    cli_heading(get_string('datarootpermission', 'install'));
+    $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', decoct($chmod));
+    $error = '';
+    do {
+        echo $error;
+        $input = cli_input($prompt, decoct($chmod));
+        $input = octdec(clean_param($input, PARAM_INT));
+        if (empty($input)) {
+            $error = get_string('cliincorrectvalueretry', 'admin')."\n";
+        } else {
+            $error = '';
+        }
+    } while ($error !== '');
+    $chmod = $input;
+
+} else {
+    if (empty($chmod)) {
+        $a = (object)array('option' => 'chmod', 'value' => decoct($chmod));
+        cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+    }
+}
+$CFG->directorypermissions = $chmod;
+$CFG->filepermissions      = ($CFG->directorypermissions & 0666);
+$CFG->umaskpermissions     = (($CFG->directorypermissions & 0777) ^ 0777);
+
+//We need wwwroot before we test dataroot
+$wwwroot = clean_param($options['wwwroot'], PARAM_URL);
+$wwwroot = trim($wwwroot, '/');
+if ($interactive) {
+    cli_separator();
+    cli_heading(get_string('wwwroot', 'install'));
+    if (strpos($wwwroot, 'http') === 0) {
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $wwwroot);
+    } else {
+        $wwwroot = null;
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+    }
+    $error = '';
+    do {
+        echo $error;
+        $input = cli_input($prompt, $wwwroot);
+        $input = clean_param($input, PARAM_URL);
+        $input = trim($input, '/');
+        if (strpos($input, 'http') !== 0) {
+            $error = get_string('cliincorrectvalueretry', 'admin')."\n";
+        } else {
+            $error = '';
+        }
+    } while ($error !== '');
+    $wwwroot = $input;
+
+} else {
+    if (strpos($wwwroot, 'http') !== 0) {
+        $a = (object)array('option'=>'wwwroot', 'value'=>$wwwroot);
+        cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+    }
+}
+$CFG->wwwroot       = $wwwroot;
+$CFG->httpswwwroot  = $CFG->wwwroot;
+
+//We need dataroot before lang download
+$CFG->dataroot = $options['dataroot'];
+if ($interactive) {
+    cli_separator();
+    $i=0;
+    while(is_dataroot_insecure()) {
+        $parrent = dirname($CFG->dataroot);
+        $i++;
+        if ($parrent == '/' or $parrent == '.' or preg_match('/^[a-z]:\\\?$/i', $parrent) or ($i > 100)) {
+            $CFG->dataroot = ''; //can not find secure location for dataroot
+            break;
+        }
+        $CFG->dataroot = dirname($parrent).'/moodledata';
+    }
+    cli_heading(get_string('dataroot', 'install'));
+    $error = '';
+    do {
+        if ($CFG->dataroot !== '') {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $CFG->dataroot);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+        echo $error;
+        $CFG->dataroot = cli_input($prompt, $CFG->dataroot);
+        if ($CFG->dataroot === '') {
+            $error = get_string('cliincorrectvalueretry', 'admin')."\n";
+        } else if (is_dataroot_insecure()) {
+            $CFG->dataroot = '';
+            $error = get_string('pathsunsecuredataroot', 'install')."\n";
+        } else {
+            if (install_init_dataroot($CFG->dataroot, $CFG->directorypermissions)) {
+                $error = '';
+            } else {
+                $a = (object)array('dataroot' => $CFG->dataroot);
+                $error = get_string('pathserrcreatedataroot', 'install', $a)."\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+    } while ($error !== '');
+
+} else {
+    if (is_dataroot_insecure()) {
+        cli_error(get_string('pathsunsecuredataroot', 'install'));
+    }
+    if (!install_init_dataroot($CFG->dataroot, $CFG->directorypermissions)) {
+        $a = (object)array('dataroot' => $CFG->dataroot);
+        cli_error(get_string('pathserrcreatedataroot', 'install', $a));
+    }
+}
+$CFG->tempdir       = $CFG->dataroot.'/temp';
+$CFG->backuptempdir = $CFG->tempdir.'/backup';
+$CFG->cachedir      = $CFG->dataroot.'/cache';
+$CFG->localcachedir = $CFG->dataroot.'/localcache';
+
+// download required lang packs
+if ($CFG->lang !== 'en') {
+    $installer = new lang_installer($CFG->lang);
+    $results = $installer->run();
+    foreach ($results as $langcode => $langstatus) {
+        if ($langstatus === lang_installer::RESULT_DOWNLOADERROR) {
+            $a       = new stdClass();
+            $a->url  = $installer->lang_pack_url($langcode);
+            $a->dest = $CFG->dataroot.'/lang';
+            cli_problem(get_string('remotedownloaderror', 'error', $a));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// switch the string_manager instance to stop using install/lang/
+$CFG->early_install_lang = false;
+$CFG->langotherroot      = $CFG->dataroot.'/lang';
+$CFG->langlocalroot      = $CFG->dataroot.'/lang';
+get_string_manager(true);
+
+// make sure we are installing stable release or require a confirmation
+if (isset($maturity)) {
+    if (($maturity < MATURITY_STABLE) and !$options['allow-unstable']) {
+        $maturitylevel = get_string('maturity'.$maturity, 'admin');
+
+        if ($interactive) {
+            cli_separator();
+            cli_heading(get_string('notice'));
+            echo get_string('maturitycorewarning', 'admin', $maturitylevel) . PHP_EOL;
+            echo get_string('morehelp') . ': ' . get_docs_url('admin/versions') . PHP_EOL;
+            echo get_string('continue') . PHP_EOL;
+            $prompt = get_string('cliyesnoprompt', 'admin');
+            $input = cli_input($prompt, '', array(get_string('clianswerno', 'admin'), get_string('cliansweryes', 'admin')));
+            if ($input == get_string('clianswerno', 'admin')) {
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        } else {
+            cli_problem(get_string('maturitycorewarning', 'admin', $maturitylevel));
+            cli_error(get_string('maturityallowunstable', 'admin'));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ask for db type - show only drivers available
+if ($interactive) {
+    $options['dbtype'] = strtolower($options['dbtype']);
+    cli_separator();
+    cli_heading(get_string('databasetypehead', 'install'));
+    foreach ($databases as $type=>$database) {
+        echo " $type \n";
+    }
+    if (!empty($databases[$options['dbtype']])) {
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['dbtype']);
+    } else {
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+    }
+    $CFG->dbtype = cli_input($prompt, $options['dbtype'], array_keys($databases));
+
+} else {
+    if (empty($databases[$options['dbtype']])) {
+        $a = (object)array('option'=>'dbtype', 'value'=>$options['dbtype']);
+        cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+    }
+    $CFG->dbtype = $options['dbtype'];
+}
+$database = $databases[$CFG->dbtype];
+
+
+// We cannot do any validation until all DB connection data is provided.
+$hintdatabase = '';
+do {
+    echo $hintdatabase;
+
+    // Ask for db host.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('databasehost', 'install'));
+        if ($options['dbhost'] !== '') {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['dbhost']);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+        $CFG->dbhost = cli_input($prompt, $options['dbhost']);
+
+    } else {
+        $CFG->dbhost = $options['dbhost'];
+    }
+
+    // Ask for db name.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('databasename', 'install'));
+        if ($options['dbname'] !== '') {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['dbname']);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+        $CFG->dbname = cli_input($prompt, $options['dbname']);
+
+    } else {
+        $CFG->dbname = $options['dbname'];
+    }
+
+    // Ask for db prefix.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('dbprefix', 'install'));
+        //TODO: solve somehow the prefix trouble for oci.
+        if ($options['prefix'] !== '') {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['prefix']);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+        $CFG->prefix = cli_input($prompt, $options['prefix']);
+
+    } else {
+        $CFG->prefix = $options['prefix'];
+    }
+
+    // Ask for db port.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('databaseport', 'install'));
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['dbport']);
+        $CFG->dboptions['dbport'] = (int) cli_input($prompt, $options['dbport']);
+
+    } else {
+        $CFG->dboptions['dbport'] = (int) $options['dbport'];
+    }
+    if ($CFG->dboptions['dbport'] <= 0) {
+        $CFG->dboptions['dbport'] = '';
+    }
+
+    // Ask for db socket.
+    if ($CFG->ostype === 'WINDOWS') {
+        $CFG->dboptions['dbsocket'] = '';
+
+    } else if ($interactive and empty($CFG->dboptions['dbport'])) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('databasesocket', 'install'));
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['dbsocket']);
+        $CFG->dboptions['dbsocket'] = cli_input($prompt, $options['dbsocket']);
+
+    } else {
+        $CFG->dboptions['dbsocket'] = $options['dbsocket'];
+    }
+
+    // Ask for db user.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('databaseuser', 'install'));
+        if ($options['dbuser'] !== '') {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['dbuser']);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+        $CFG->dbuser = cli_input($prompt, $options['dbuser']);
+
+    } else {
+        $CFG->dbuser = $options['dbuser'];
+    }
+
+    // Ask for db password.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('databasepass', 'install'));
+
+        if ($options['dbpass'] !== '') {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['dbpass']);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+
+        $CFG->dbpass = cli_input($prompt, $options['dbpass']);
+        if (function_exists('distro_pre_create_db')) { // Hook for distros needing to do something before DB creation.
+            $distro = distro_pre_create_db($database, $CFG->dbhost, $CFG->dbuser, $CFG->dbpass, $CFG->dbname, $CFG->prefix,
+                    array('dbpersist' => 0, 'dbport' => $CFG->dboptions['dbport'], 'dbsocket' => $CFG->dboptions['dbsocket']),
+                    $distro);
+        }
+        $hintdatabase = install_db_validate($database, $CFG->dbhost, $CFG->dbuser, $CFG->dbpass, $CFG->dbname, $CFG->prefix,
+                array('dbpersist' => 0, 'dbport' => $CFG->dboptions['dbport'], 'dbsocket' => $CFG->dboptions['dbsocket']));
+
+    } else {
+        $CFG->dbpass = $options['dbpass'];
+        $hintdatabase = install_db_validate($database, $CFG->dbhost, $CFG->dbuser, $CFG->dbpass, $CFG->dbname, $CFG->prefix,
+                array('dbpersist' => 0, 'dbport' => $CFG->dboptions['dbport'], 'dbsocket' => $CFG->dboptions['dbsocket']));
+        if ($hintdatabase !== '') {
+            cli_error(get_string('dbconnectionerror', 'install'));
+        }
+    }
+} while ($hintdatabase !== '');
+
+// If --skip-database option is provided, we do not need to ask for site fullname, shortname, adminuser, adminpass, adminemail.
+// These fields will be requested during the database install part.
+if (!$skipdatabase) {
+    // Ask for fullname.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('fullsitename', 'moodle'));
+
+        if ($options['fullname'] !== '') {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['fullname']);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+
+        do {
+            $options['fullname'] = cli_input($prompt, $options['fullname']);
+        } while (empty($options['fullname']));
+    } else {
+        if (empty($options['fullname'])) {
+            $a = (object)['option' => 'fullname', 'value' => $options['fullname']];
+            cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Ask for shortname.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('shortsitename', 'moodle'));
+
+        if ($options['shortname'] !== '') {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['shortname']);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+
+        do {
+            $options['shortname'] = cli_input($prompt, $options['shortname']);
+        } while (empty($options['shortname']));
+    } else {
+        if (empty($options['shortname'])) {
+            $a = (object)['option' => 'shortname', 'value' => $options['shortname']];
+            cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Ask for admin user name.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('cliadminusername', 'install'));
+        if (!empty($options['adminuser'])) {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['adminuser']);
+        } else {
+            $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        }
+        do {
+            $options['adminuser'] = cli_input($prompt, $options['adminuser']);
+        } while (empty($options['adminuser']) or $options['adminuser'] === 'guest');
+    } else {
+        if ((empty($options['adminuser']) || $options['adminuser'] === 'guest')) {
+            $a = (object)['option' => 'adminuser', 'value' => $options['adminuser']];
+            cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Ask for admin user password.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('cliadminpassword', 'install'));
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        do {
+            $options['adminpass'] = cli_input($prompt);
+        } while (empty($options['adminpass']) or $options['adminpass'] === 'admin');
+    } else {
+        if ((empty($options['adminpass']) or $options['adminpass'] === 'admin')) {
+            $a = (object)['option' => 'adminpass', 'value' => $options['adminpass']];
+            cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Ask for the admin email address.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('cliadminemail', 'install'));
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['adminemail']);
+        $options['adminemail'] = cli_input($prompt, $options['adminemail']);
+    }
+
+    // Validate that the address provided was an e-mail address.
+    if (!empty($options['adminemail']) && !validate_email($options['adminemail'])) {
+        $a = (object)['option' => 'adminemail', 'value' => $options['adminemail']];
+        cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+    }
+
+    // Ask for the support email address.
+    if ($interactive) {
+        cli_separator();
+        cli_heading(get_string('clisupportemail', 'install'));
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['supportemail']);
+        $options['supportemail'] = cli_input($prompt, $options['supportemail']);
+    }
+
+    // Validate that the support email address provided is valid.
+    if (!empty($options['supportemail']) && !validate_email($options['supportemail'])) {
+        $a = (object)['option' => 'supportemail', 'value' => $options['supportemail']];
+        cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+    }
+}
+
+// Ask for the upgrade key.
+if ($interactive) {
+    cli_separator();
+    cli_heading(get_string('upgradekeyset', 'admin'));
+    if ($options['upgradekey'] !== '') {
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevaluedefault', 'admin', $options['upgradekey']);
+        $options['upgradekey'] = cli_input($prompt, $options['upgradekey']);
+    } else {
+        $prompt = get_string('clitypevalue', 'admin');
+        $options['upgradekey'] = cli_input($prompt);
+    }
+}
+
+// Set the upgrade key if it was provided.
+if ($options['upgradekey'] !== '') {
+    $CFG->upgradekey = $options['upgradekey'];
+}
+
+// The user does not also need to pass agree-license when --skip-database is provided as the user will need to accept
+// the license again in the database install part.
+if (!$skipdatabase) {
+    if ($interactive) {
+        if (!$options['agree-license']) {
+            cli_separator();
+            cli_heading(get_string('copyrightnotice'));
+            echo "Moodle  - Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment\n";
+            echo get_string('gpl3')."\n\n";
+            echo get_string('doyouagree')."\n";
+            $prompt = get_string('cliyesnoprompt', 'admin');
+            $input = cli_input($prompt, '', array(get_string('clianswerno', 'admin'), get_string('cliansweryes', 'admin')));
+            if ($input == get_string('clianswerno', 'admin')) {
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!$options['agree-license'] && !$skipdatabase) {
+            cli_error(get_string('climustagreelicense', 'install'));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Finally we have all info needed for config.php
+$configphp = install_generate_configphp($database, $CFG);
+umask(0137);
+if (($fh = fopen($configfile, 'w')) !== false) {
+    fwrite($fh, $configphp);
+    fclose($fh);
+}
+
+if (!file_exists($configfile)) {
+    cli_error('Can not create config file.');
+}
+
+// remember selected language
+$installlang = $CFG->lang;
+// return back to original dir before executing setup.php which changes the dir again
+chdir($olddir);
+// We have config.php, it is a real php script from now on :-)
+require($configfile);
+
+// use selected language
+$CFG->lang = $installlang;
+$SESSION->lang = $CFG->lang;
+
+require("$CFG->dirroot/version.php");
+
+// Test environment first.
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/environmentlib.php');
+list($envstatus, $environment_results) = check_moodle_environment(normalize_version($release), ENV_SELECT_RELEASE);
+if (!$envstatus) {
+    $errors = environment_get_errors($environment_results);
+    cli_heading(get_string('environment', 'admin'));
+    foreach ($errors as $error) {
+        list($info, $report) = $error;
+        echo "!! $info !!\n$report\n\n";
+    }
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+// Test plugin dependencies.
+$failed = array();
+if (!core_plugin_manager::instance()->all_plugins_ok($version, $failed)) {
+    cli_problem(get_string('pluginscheckfailed', 'admin', array('pluginslist' => implode(', ', array_unique($failed)))));
+    cli_error(get_string('pluginschecktodo', 'admin'));
+}
+
+if (!$skipdatabase) {
+    install_cli_database($options, $interactive);
+    // This needs to happen at the end to ensure it occurs after all caches
+    // have been purged for the last time.
+    // This will build a cached version of the current theme for the user
+    // to immediately start browsing the site.
+    require_once($CFG->libdir.'/upgradelib.php');
+    upgrade_themes();
+} else {
+    echo get_string('cliskipdatabase', 'install')."\n";
+}
+
+echo get_string('cliinstallfinished', 'install')."\n";
+exit(0); // 0 means success

admin/cli/install_database.php

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+<?php
+
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This installs Moodle into empty database, config.php must already exist.
+ *
+ * This script is intended for advanced usage such as in Debian packages.
+ * - sudo to www-data (apache account) before
+ * - not compatible with Windows platform
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2010 Petr Skoda (http://skodak.org)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+define('CACHE_DISABLE_ALL', true);
+
+// extra execution prevention - we can not just require config.php here
+if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+// Force OPcache reset if used, we do not want any stale caches
+// when preparing test environment.
+if (function_exists('opcache_reset')) {
+    opcache_reset();
+}
+
+$help =
+"Advanced command line Moodle database installer.
+Please note you must execute this script with the same uid as apache.
+
+Site defaults may be changed via local/defaults.php.
+
+Options:
+--lang=CODE           Installation and default site language. Default is en.
+--adminuser=USERNAME  Username for the moodle admin account. Default is admin.
+--adminpass=PASSWORD  Password for the moodle admin account.
+--adminemail=STRING   Email address for the moodle admin account.
+--agree-license       Indicates agreement with software license.
+--fullname=STRING     Name of the site
+--shortname=STRING    Name of the site
+--summary=STRING      The summary to be displayed on the front page
+--supportemail=STRING Email address for support and help.
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/install_database.php --lang=cs --adminpass=soMePass123 --agree-license
+";
+
+// Check that PHP is of a sufficient version as soon as possible.
+require_once(__DIR__.'/../../lib/phpminimumversionlib.php');
+moodle_require_minimum_php_version();
+
+// Nothing to do if config.php does not exist
+$configfile = __DIR__.'/../../config.php';
+if (!file_exists($configfile)) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, 'config.php does not exist, can not continue'); // do not localize
+    fwrite(STDERR, "\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+// Include necessary libs
+require($configfile);
+
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/installlib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/adminlib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/componentlib.class.php');
+
+$CFG->early_install_lang = true;
+get_string_manager(true);
+
+raise_memory_limit(MEMORY_EXTRA);
+
+// now get cli options
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    array(
+        'lang'              => 'en',
+        'adminuser'         => 'admin',
+        'adminpass'         => '',
+        'adminemail'        => '',
+        'fullname'          => '',
+        'shortname'         => '',
+        'summary'           => '',
+        'supportemail'      => '',
+        'agree-license'     => false,
+        'help'              => false
+    ),
+    array(
+        'h' => 'help'
+    )
+);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+// We show help text even if tables are installed.
+if ($options['help']) {
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+// Make sure no tables are installed yet.
+if ($DB->get_tables() ) {
+    cli_error(get_string('clitablesexist', 'install'));
+}
+
+if (!$options['agree-license']) {
+    cli_error('You have to agree to the license. --help prints out the help'); // TODO: localize
+}
+
+if ($options['adminpass'] === true or $options['adminpass'] === '') {
+    cli_error('You have to specify admin password. --help prints out the help'); // TODO: localize
+}
+
+// Validate that the address provided was an e-mail address.
+if (!empty($options['adminemail']) && !validate_email($options['adminemail'])) {
+    $a = (object) array('option' => 'adminemail', 'value' => $options['adminemail']);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+}
+
+// Validate that the supportemail provided was an e-mail address.
+if (!empty($options['supportemail']) && !validate_email($options['supportemail'])) {
+    $a = (object) [
+        'option' => 'supportemail',
+        'value' => $options['supportemail']
+    ];
+    cli_error(get_string('cliincorrectvalueerror', 'admin', $a));
+}
+
+$options['lang'] = clean_param($options['lang'], PARAM_SAFEDIR);
+if (!file_exists($CFG->dirroot.'/install/lang/'.$options['lang'])) {
+    $options['lang'] = 'en';
+}
+$CFG->lang = $options['lang'];
+
+// download required lang packs
+if ($CFG->lang !== 'en') {
+    make_upload_directory('lang');
+    $installer = new lang_installer($CFG->lang);
+    $results = $installer->run();
+    foreach ($results as $langcode => $langstatus) {
+        if ($langstatus === lang_installer::RESULT_DOWNLOADERROR) {
+            $a       = new stdClass();
+            $a->url  = $installer->lang_pack_url($langcode);
+            $a->dest = $CFG->dataroot.'/lang';
+            cli_problem(get_string('remotedownloaderror', 'error', $a));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// switch the string_manager instance to stop using install/lang/
+$CFG->early_install_lang = false;
+get_string_manager(true);
+
+require("$CFG->dirroot/version.php");
+
+// Test environment first.
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/environmentlib.php');
+list($envstatus, $environment_results) = check_moodle_environment(normalize_version($release), ENV_SELECT_RELEASE);
+if (!$envstatus) {
+    $errors = environment_get_errors($environment_results);
+    cli_heading(get_string('environment', 'admin'));
+    foreach ($errors as $error) {
+        list($info, $report) = $error;
+        echo "!! $info !!\n$report\n\n";
+    }
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+// Test plugin dependencies.
+$failed = array();
+if (!core_plugin_manager::instance()->all_plugins_ok($version, $failed)) {
+    cli_problem(get_string('pluginscheckfailed', 'admin', array('pluginslist' => implode(', ', array_unique($failed)))));
+    cli_error(get_string('pluginschecktodo', 'admin'));
+}
+
+install_cli_database($options, true);
+
+// This needs to happen at the end to ensure it occurs after all caches
+// have been purged for the last time.
+// This will build a cached version of the current theme for the user
+// to immediately start browsing the site.
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/upgradelib.php');
+upgrade_themes();
+
+echo get_string('cliinstallfinished', 'install')."\n";
+exit(0); // 0 means success

admin/cli/kill_all_sessions.php

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI script to kill all user sessions without asking for confirmation.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2017 Alexander Bias <alexander.bias@uni-ulm.de>
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(array('help' => false), array('h' => 'help'));
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized), 2);
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+"Kill all Moodle sessions
+
+Options:
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/kill_all_sessions.php
+";
+
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+\core\session\manager::kill_all_sessions();
+
+exit(0);

admin/cli/maintenance.php

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * Enable or disable maintenance mode.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2009 Petr Skoda (http://skodak.org)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once("$CFG->libdir/clilib.php");
+require_once("$CFG->libdir/adminlib.php");
+
+
+// Now get cli options.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(array('enable'=>false, 'enablelater'=>0, 'enableold'=>false, 'disable'=>false, 'help'=>false),
+                                               array('h'=>'help'));
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+"Maintenance mode settings.
+Current status displayed if not option specified.
+
+Options:
+--enable              Enable CLI maintenance mode
+--enablelater=MINUTES Number of minutes before entering CLI maintenance mode
+--enableold           Enable legacy half-maintenance mode
+--disable             Disable maintenance mode
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/maintenance.php
+"; //TODO: localize - to be translated later when everything is finished
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+cli_heading(get_string('sitemaintenancemode', 'admin')." ($CFG->wwwroot)");
+
+if ($options['enablelater']) {
+    if (file_exists("$CFG->dataroot/climaintenance.html")) {
+        // Already enabled, sorry.
+        echo get_string('clistatusenabled', 'admin')."\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    $time = time() + ($options['enablelater']*60);
+    set_config('maintenance_later', $time);
+
+    echo get_string('clistatusenabledlater', 'admin', userdate($time))."\n";
+    return 0;
+
+} else if ($options['enable']) {
+    if (file_exists("$CFG->dataroot/climaintenance.html")) {
+        // The maintenance is already enabled, nothing to do.
+    } else {
+        enable_cli_maintenance_mode();
+    }
+    set_config('maintenance_enabled', 0);
+    unset_config('maintenance_later');
+    echo get_string('sitemaintenanceoncli', 'admin')."\n";
+    exit(0);
+
+} else if ($options['enableold']) {
+    set_config('maintenance_enabled', 1);
+    unset_config('maintenance_later');
+    echo get_string('sitemaintenanceon', 'admin')."\n";
+    exit(0);
+
+} else if ($options['disable']) {
+    set_config('maintenance_enabled', 0);
+    unset_config('maintenance_later');
+    if (file_exists("$CFG->dataroot/climaintenance.html")) {
+        unlink("$CFG->dataroot/climaintenance.html");
+    }
+    echo get_string('sitemaintenanceoff', 'admin')."\n";
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if (!empty($CFG->maintenance_enabled) or file_exists("$CFG->dataroot/climaintenance.html")) {
+    echo get_string('clistatusenabled', 'admin')."\n";
+
+} else if (isset($CFG->maintenance_later)) {
+    echo get_string('clistatusenabledlater', 'admin', userdate($CFG->maintenance_later))."\n";
+
+} else {
+    echo get_string('clistatusdisabled', 'admin')."\n";
+}

admin/cli/mysql_collation.php

@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * MySQL collation conversion tool.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @copyright  2012 Petr Skoda (http://skodak.org)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');      // cli only functions
+
+if ($DB->get_dbfamily() !== 'mysql') {
+    cli_error('This function is designed for MySQL databases only!');
+}
+
+// now get cli options
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(array('help'=>false, 'list'=>false, 'collation'=>false, 'available'=>false),
+    array('h'=>'help', 'l'=>'list', 'a'=>'available'));
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+$help =
+    "MySQL collation conversions script.
+
+It is strongly recommended to stop the web server before the conversion.
+This script may be executed before the main upgrade - 1.9.x data for example.
+
+Options:
+--collation=COLLATION Convert MySQL tables to different collation
+-l, --list            Show table and column information
+-a, --available       Show list of available collations
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/mysql_collation.php --collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
+";
+
+if (!empty($options['collation'])) {
+    $collations = mysql_get_collations();
+    $collation = clean_param($options['collation'], PARAM_ALPHANUMEXT);
+    $collation = strtolower($collation);
+    if (!isset($collations[$collation])) {
+        cli_error("Error: collation '$collation' is not available on this server!");
+    }
+
+    $collationinfo = explode('_', $collation);
+    $charset = reset($collationinfo);
+
+    $engine = strtolower($DB->get_dbengine());
+
+    // Do checks for utf8mb4.
+    if (strpos($collation, 'utf8mb4') === 0) {
+        // Do we have the right engine?
+        if ($engine !== 'innodb' && $engine !== 'xtradb') {
+            cli_error("Error: '$collation' requires InnoDB or XtraDB set as the engine.");
+        }
+        // Are we using Barracuda?
+        if ($DB->get_row_format() != 'Barracuda') {
+            // Try setting it here.
+            try {
+                $DB->execute("SET GLOBAL innodb_file_format=Barracuda");
+            } catch (dml_exception $e) {
+                cli_error("Error: '$collation' requires the file format to be set to Barracuda.
+                        An attempt was made to change the format, but it failed. Please try doing this manually.");
+            }
+            echo "GLOBAL SETTING: innodb_file_format changed to Barracuda\n";
+        }
+        // Is one file per table being used?
+        if (!$DB->is_file_per_table_enabled()) {
+            try {
+                $DB->execute("SET GLOBAL innodb_file_per_table=1");
+            } catch (dml_exception $e) {
+                cli_error("Error: '$collation' requires the setting 'innodb_file_per_table' be set to 'ON'.
+                        An attempt was made to change the format, but it failed. Please try doing this manually.");
+            }
+            echo "GLOBAL SETTING: innodb_file_per_table changed to 1\n";
+        }
+        // Is large prefix set?
+        if (!$DB->is_large_prefix_enabled()) {
+            try {
+                $DB->execute("SET GLOBAL innodb_large_prefix=1");
+            } catch (dml_exception $e) {
+                cli_error("Error: '$collation' requires the setting 'innodb_large_prefix' be set to 'ON'.
+                        An attempt was made to change the format, but it failed. Please try doing this manually.");
+            }
+            echo "GLOBAL SETTING: innodb_large_prefix changed to 1\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    $sql = "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_database'";
+    if (!$dbcollation = $DB->get_record_sql($sql)) {
+        cli_error("Error: Could not access collation information on the database.");
+    }
+    $sql = "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_database'";
+    if (!$dbcharset = $DB->get_record_sql($sql)) {
+        cli_error("Error: Could not access character set information on the database.");
+    }
+    if ($dbcollation->value !== $collation || $dbcharset->value !== $charset) {
+        // Try to convert the DB.
+        echo "Converting database to '$collation' for $CFG->wwwroot:\n";
+        $sql = "ALTER DATABASE `$CFG->dbname` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET $charset DEFAULT COLLATE = $collation";
+        try {
+            $DB->change_database_structure($sql);
+        } catch (exception $e) {
+            cli_error("Error: Tried to alter the database with no success. Please try manually changing the database
+                    to the new collation and character set and then run this script again.");
+        }
+        echo "DATABASE CONVERTED\n";
+    }
+
+    echo "Converting tables and columns to '$collation' for $CFG->wwwroot:\n";
+    $prefix = $DB->get_prefix();
+    $prefix = str_replace('_', '\\_', $prefix);
+    $sql = "SHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE Name LIKE BINARY '$prefix%'";
+    $rs = $DB->get_recordset_sql($sql);
+    $converted = 0;
+    $skipped   = 0;
+    $errors    = 0;
+    foreach ($rs as $table) {
+        echo str_pad($table->name, 40). " - ";
+
+        if ($table->collation === $collation) {
+            echo "NO CHANGE\n";
+            $skipped++;
+
+        } else {
+            try {
+                $DB->change_database_structure("ALTER TABLE `$table->name` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $charset COLLATE $collation");
+                echo "CONVERTED\n";
+                $converted++;
+            } catch (ddl_exception $e) {
+                $result = mysql_set_row_format($table->name, $charset, $collation, $engine);
+                if ($result) {
+                    echo "CONVERTED\n";
+                    $converted++;
+                } else {
+                    // We don't know what the problem is. Stop the conversion.
+                    cli_error("Error: Tried to convert $table->name, but there was a problem. Please check the details of this
+                            table and try again.");
+                    die();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $sql = "SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `$table->name` WHERE collation IS NOT NULL";
+        $rs2 = $DB->get_recordset_sql($sql);
+        foreach ($rs2 as $column) {
+            $column = (object)array_change_key_case((array)$column, CASE_LOWER);
+            echo '    '.str_pad($column->field, 36). " - ";
+            if ($column->collation === $collation) {
+                echo "NO CHANGE\n";
+                $skipped++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Check for utf8mb4 collation.
+            $rowformat = $DB->get_row_format_sql($engine, $collation);
+
+            if ($column->type === 'tinytext' or $column->type === 'mediumtext' or $column->type === 'text' or $column->type === 'longtext') {
+                $notnull = ($column->null === 'NO') ? 'NOT NULL' : 'NULL';
+                $default = (!is_null($column->default) and $column->default !== '') ? "DEFAULT '$column->default'" : '';
+                // primary, unique and inc are not supported for texts
+                $sql = "ALTER TABLE `$table->name`
+                        MODIFY COLUMN $column->field $column->type
+                        CHARACTER SET $charset
+                        COLLATE $collation $notnull $default";
+                $DB->change_database_structure($sql);
+
+            } else if (strpos($column->type, 'varchar') === 0) {
+                $notnull = ($column->null === 'NO') ? 'NOT NULL' : 'NULL';
+                $default = !is_null($column->default) ? "DEFAULT '$column->default'" : '';
+
+                if ($rowformat != '') {
+                    $sql = "ALTER TABLE `$table->name` $rowformat";
+                    $DB->change_database_structure($sql);
+                }
+
+                $sql = "ALTER TABLE `$table->name`
+                        MODIFY COLUMN $column->field $column->type
+                        CHARACTER SET $charset
+                        COLLATE $collation $notnull $default";
+                $DB->change_database_structure($sql);
+            } else {
+                echo "ERROR (unknown column type: $column->type)\n";
+                $errors++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            echo "CONVERTED\n";
+            $converted++;
+        }
+        $rs2->close();
+    }
+    $rs->close();
+    echo "Converted: $converted, skipped: $skipped, errors: $errors\n";
+    exit(0); // success
+
+} else if (!empty($options['list'])) {
+    echo "List of tables for $CFG->wwwroot:\n";
+    $prefix = $DB->get_prefix();
+    $prefix = str_replace('_', '\\_', $prefix);
+    $sql = "SHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE Name LIKE BINARY '$prefix%'";
+    $rs = $DB->get_recordset_sql($sql);
+    $counts = array();
+    foreach ($rs as $table) {
+        if (isset($counts[$table->collation])) {
+            $counts[$table->collation]++;
+        } else {
+            $counts[$table->collation] = 1;
+        }
+        echo str_pad($table->name, 40);
+        echo $table->collation.  "\n";
+        $collations = mysql_get_column_collations($table->name);
+        foreach ($collations as $columname=>$collation) {
+            if (isset($counts[$collation])) {
+                $counts[$collation]++;
+            } else {
+                $counts[$collation] = 1;
+            }
+            echo '    ';
+            echo str_pad($columname, 36);
+            echo $collation.  "\n";
+        }
+    }
+    $rs->close();
+
+    echo "\n";
+    echo "Table collations summary for $CFG->wwwroot:\n";
+    foreach ($counts as $collation => $count) {
+        echo "$collation: $count\n";
+    }
+    exit(0); // success
+
+} else if (!empty($options['available'])) {
+    echo "List of available MySQL collations for $CFG->wwwroot:\n";
+    $collations = mysql_get_collations();
+    foreach ($collations as $collation) {
+        echo " $collation\n";
+    }
+    die;
+
+} else {
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+
+
+// ========== Some functions ==============
+
+function mysql_get_collations() {
+    global $DB;
+
+    $collations = array();
+    $sql = "SHOW COLLATION
+            WHERE Collation LIKE 'utf8\_%' AND Charset = 'utf8'
+               OR Collation LIKE 'utf8mb4\_%' AND Charset = 'utf8mb4'";
+    $rs = $DB->get_recordset_sql($sql);
+    foreach ($rs as $collation) {
+        $collations[$collation->collation] = $collation->collation;
+    }
+    $rs->close();
+
+    $collation = $DB->get_dbcollation();
+    if (isset($collations[$collation])) {
+        $collations[$collation] .= ' (default)';
+    }
+
+    return $collations;
+}
+
+function mysql_get_column_collations($tablename) {
+    global $DB;
+
+    $collations = array();
+    $sql = "SELECT column_name, collation_name
+              FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
+             WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() AND table_name = ? AND collation_name IS NOT NULL";
+    $rs = $DB->get_recordset_sql($sql, array($tablename));
+    foreach($rs as $record) {
+        $collations[$record->column_name] = $record->collation_name;
+    }
+    $rs->close();
+    return $collations;
+}
+
+function mysql_set_row_format($tablename, $charset, $collation, $engine) {
+    global $DB;
+
+    $sql = "SELECT row_format
+              FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
+             WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() AND table_name = ?";
+    $rs = $DB->get_record_sql($sql, array($tablename));
+    if ($rs) {
+        if ($rs->row_format == 'Compact' || $rs->row_format == 'Redundant') {
+            $rowformat = $DB->get_row_format_sql($engine, $collation);
+            // Try to convert to compressed format and then try updating the collation again.
+            $DB->change_database_structure("ALTER TABLE `$tablename` $rowformat");
+            $DB->change_database_structure("ALTER TABLE `$tablename` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $charset COLLATE $collation");
+        } else {
+            // Row format may not be the problem. Can not diagnose problem. Send fail reply.
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}

admin/cli/mysql_compressed_rows.php

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * MySQL table row compression tool tool.
+ *
+ * @package   core
+ * @copyright 2014 Totara Learning Solutions Ltd {@link http://www.totaralms.com/}
+ * @license   http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ * @author    Petr Skoda <petr.skoda@totaralms.com>
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/clilib.php');
+
+if ($DB->get_dbfamily() !== 'mysql') {
+    cli_error('This script is used for MySQL databases only.');
+}
+
+$engine = strtolower($DB->get_dbengine());
+if ($engine !== 'innodb' and $engine !== 'xtradb') {
+    cli_error('This script is for MySQL servers using InnoDB or XtraDB engines only.');
+}
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    array('help' => false, 'info' => false, 'list' => false, 'fix' => false, 'showsql' => false),
+    array('h' => 'help', 'i' => 'info', 'l' => 'list', 'f' => 'fix', 's' => 'showsql')
+);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+$help =
+    "Script for detection of row size problems in MySQL InnoDB tables.
+
+By default InnoDB storage table is using legacy Antelope file format
+which has major restriction on database row size.
+Use this script to detect and fix database tables with potential data
+overflow problems.
+
+Options:
+-i, --info            Show database information
+-l, --list            List problematic tables
+-f, --fix             Attempt to fix all tables (requires SUPER privilege)
+-s, --showsql         Print SQL statements for fixing of tables
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+
+Example:
+\$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/mysql_compressed_rows.php -l
+";
+
+/** @var mysql_sql_generator $generator */
+$generator = $DB->get_manager()->generator;
+
+$info = $DB->get_server_info();
+$filepertable = $DB->get_record_sql("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_file_per_table'");
+$filepertable = $filepertable ? $filepertable->value : '';
+$fileformat = $DB->get_record_sql("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_file_format'");
+$fileformat = $fileformat ? $fileformat->value : '';
+$prefix = $DB->get_prefix();
+$database = $CFG->dbname;
+
+if (!empty($options['info'])) {
+    echo "Database version:      " . $info['description'] . "\n";
+    echo "Database name:         $database\n";
+    echo "Database engine:       " . $DB->get_dbengine() . "\n";
+    echo "innodb_file_per_table: $filepertable\n";
+    echo "innodb_file_format:    $fileformat\n";
+
+    exit(0);
+
+} else if (!empty($options['list'])) {
+    $problem = false;
+    foreach ($DB->get_tables(false) as $table) {
+        $columns = $DB->get_columns($table, false);
+        $size = $generator->guess_antelope_row_size($columns);
+        $format = $DB->get_row_format($table);
+        if ($size <= $generator::ANTELOPE_MAX_ROW_SIZE) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        echo str_pad($prefix . $table, 32, ' ', STR_PAD_RIGHT);
+        echo str_pad($format, 11, ' ', STR_PAD_RIGHT);
+
+        if ($format === 'Compact' or $format === 'Redundant') {
+            $problem = true;
+            echo " (needs fixing)\n";
+
+        } else if ($format !== 'Compressed' and $format !== 'Dynamic') {
+            echo " (unknown)\n";
+
+        } else {
+            echo "\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ($problem) {
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+
+} else if (!empty($options['fix'])) {
+    $fixtables = array();
+    foreach ($DB->get_tables(false) as $table) {
+        $columns = $DB->get_columns($table, false);
+        $size = $generator->guess_antelope_row_size($columns);
+        $format = $DB->get_row_format($table);
+        if ($size <= $generator::ANTELOPE_MAX_ROW_SIZE) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ($format === 'Compact' or $format === 'Redundant') {
+            $fixtables[$table] = $table;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!$fixtables) {
+        echo "No changes necessary\n";
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    if ($filepertable !== 'ON') {
+        try {
+            $DB->execute("SET GLOBAL innodb_file_per_table=1");
+        } catch (dml_exception $e) {
+            echo "Cannot enable GLOBAL innodb_file_per_table setting, use --showsql option and execute the statements manually.";
+            throw $e;
+        }
+    }
+    if ($fileformat !== 'Barracuda') {
+        try {
+            $DB->execute("SET GLOBAL innodb_file_format=Barracuda");
+        } catch (dml_exception $e) {
+            echo "Cannot change GLOBAL innodb_file_format setting, use --showsql option and execute the statements manually.";
+            throw $e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!$DB->is_compressed_row_format_supported(false)) {
+        echo "MySQL server is not compatible with compressed row format.";
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    foreach ($fixtables as $table) {
+        $DB->change_database_structure("ALTER TABLE `{$prefix}$table` ROW_FORMAT=Compressed");
+        echo str_pad($prefix . $table, 32, ' ', STR_PAD_RIGHT) . " ... Compressed\n";
+    }
+
+    exit(0);
+
+} else if (!empty($options['showsql'])) {
+    $fixtables = array();
+
+    foreach ($DB->get_tables(false) as $table) {
+        $columns = $DB->get_columns($table, false);
+        $size = $generator->guess_antelope_row_size($columns);
+        $format = $DB->get_row_format($table);
+        if ($size <= $generator::ANTELOPE_MAX_ROW_SIZE) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ($format === 'Compact' or $format === 'Redundant') {
+            $fixtables[$table] = $table;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!$fixtables) {
+        echo "No changes necessary\n";
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    echo "Copy the following SQL statements and execute them using account with SUPER privilege:\n\n";
+    echo "USE $database;\n";
+    echo "SET SESSION sql_mode=STRICT_ALL_TABLES;\n";
+    echo "SET GLOBAL innodb_file_per_table=1;\n";
+    echo "SET GLOBAL innodb_file_format=Barracuda;\n";
+    foreach ($fixtables as $table) {
+        echo "ALTER TABLE `{$prefix}$table` ROW_FORMAT=Compressed;\n";
+    }
+    echo "\n";
+    exit(0);
+
+} else {
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+

admin/cli/purge_caches.php

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI script to purge caches without asking for confirmation.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2011 David Mudrak <david@moodle.com>
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+$longoptions = [
+    'help' => false,
+    'muc' => false,
+    'courses' => false,
+    'theme' => false,
+    'lang' => false,
+    'js' => false,
+    'filter' => false,
+    'other' => false
+];
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params($longoptions, ['h' => 'help']);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized), 2);
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    // The indentation of this string is "wrong" but this is to avoid a extra whitespace in console output.
+    $help = <<<EOF
+Invalidates Moodle internal caches
+
+Specific caches can be defined (alone or in combination) using arguments. If none are specified,
+all caches will be purged.
+
+Options:
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+    --muc             Purge all MUC caches (includes lang cache)
+    --courses         Purge all course caches (or only those specified by a comma-separated list).
+                      e.g. --courses=4,67,145
+    --theme           Purge theme cache
+    --lang            Purge language string cache
+    --js              Purge JavaScript cache
+    --filter          Purge text filter cache
+    --other           Purge all file caches and other miscellaneous caches (may include MUC
+                      if using cachestore_file).
+
+Example:
+\$ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/purge_caches.php
+
+EOF;
+
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+purge_caches(array_filter($options));
+
+exit(0);

admin/cli/reset_password.php

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<?php
+
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script allows you to reset any local user password.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2009 Petr Skoda (http://skodak.org)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');      // cli only functions
+
+// Define the input options.
+$longparams = array(
+        'help' => false,
+        'username' => '',
+        'password' => '',
+        'ignore-password-policy' => false
+);
+
+$shortparams = array(
+        'h' => 'help',
+        'u' => 'username',
+        'p' => 'password',
+        'i' => 'ignore-password-policy'
+);
+
+// now get cli options
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params($longparams, $shortparams);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+"Reset local user passwords, useful especially for admin acounts.
+
+There are no security checks here because anybody who is able to
+execute this file may execute any PHP too.
+
+Options:
+-h, --help                    Print out this help
+-u, --username=username       Specify username to change
+-p, --password=newpassword    Specify new password
+--ignore-password-policy      Ignore password policy when setting password
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/reset_password.php
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/reset_password.php --username=rosaura --password=jiu3jiu --ignore-password-policy
+";
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+if ($options['username'] == '' ) {
+    cli_heading('Password reset');
+    $prompt = "Enter username (manual authentication only)";
+    $username = cli_input($prompt);
+} else {
+    $username = $options['username'];
+}
+
+if (!$user = $DB->get_record('user', array('auth'=>'manual', 'username'=>$username, 'mnethostid'=>$CFG->mnet_localhost_id))) {
+    cli_error("Can not find user '$username'");
+}
+
+if ($options['password'] == '' ) {
+    $prompt = "Enter new password";
+    $password = cli_input($prompt);
+} else {
+    $password = $options['password'];
+}
+
+$errmsg = '';//prevent eclipse warning
+if (!$options['ignore-password-policy'] ) {
+    if (!check_password_policy($password, $errmsg, $user)) {
+        cli_error(html_to_text($errmsg, 0));
+    }
+}
+
+$hashedpassword = hash_internal_user_password($password);
+
+$DB->set_field('user', 'password', $hashedpassword, array('id'=>$user->id));
+
+echo "Password changed\n";
+
+exit(0); // 0 means success.

admin/cli/restore_backup.php

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script allows to restore a course from CLI.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2020 Catalyst IT
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', 1);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/clilib.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot . "/backup/util/includes/restore_includes.php");
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params([
+    'file' => '',
+    'categoryid' => '',
+    'courseid' => '',
+    'showdebugging' => false,
+    'help' => false,
+], [
+    'f' => 'file',
+    'c' => 'categoryid',
+    'C' => 'courseid',
+    's' => 'showdebugging',
+    'h' => 'help',
+]);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help'] || !($options['file']) || !($options['categoryid'] || $options['courseid'])) {
+    $help = <<<EOL
+Restore backup into provided category or course.
+If courseid is set, course module/s will be added into the course.
+
+Options:
+-f, --file=STRING       Path to the backup file.
+-c, --categoryid=INT    ID of the course category to restore to.
+-C, --courseid=INT      ID of the course to restore to. This option is ignored if categoryid is set.
+-s, --showdebugging     Show developer level debugging information
+-h, --help              Print out this help.
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/restore_backup.php --file=/path/to/backup/file.mbz --categoryid=1\n
+EOL;
+
+    echo $help;
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['showdebugging']) {
+    set_debugging(DEBUG_DEVELOPER, true);
+}
+
+if (!$admin = get_admin()) {
+    throw new \moodle_exception('noadmins');
+}
+
+if (!file_exists($options['file'])) {
+    throw new \moodle_exception('filenotfound');
+}
+
+if ($options['categoryid']) {
+    if (!$category = $DB->get_record('course_categories', ['id' => $options['categoryid']], 'id')) {
+        throw new \moodle_exception('invalidcategoryid');
+    }
+} else if ($options['courseid']) {
+    if (!$course = $DB->get_record('course', ['id' => $options['courseid']], 'id')) {
+        throw new \moodle_exception('invalidcourseid');
+    }
+} else {
+    throw new \moodle_exception('invalidoption');
+}
+
+$backupdir = restore_controller::get_tempdir_name(SITEID, $USER->id);
+$path = make_backup_temp_directory($backupdir);
+
+cli_heading(get_string('extractingbackupfileto', 'backup', $path));
+$fp = get_file_packer('application/vnd.moodle.backup');
+$fp->extract_to_pathname($options['file'], $path);
+
+cli_heading(get_string('preprocessingbackupfile'));
+try {
+    list($fullname, $shortname) = restore_dbops::calculate_course_names(0, get_string('restoringcourse', 'backup'),
+        get_string('restoringcourseshortname', 'backup'));
+
+    if (!empty($course)) {
+        $courseid = $course->id;
+        $rc = new restore_controller($backupdir, $courseid, backup::INTERACTIVE_NO,
+            backup::MODE_GENERAL, $admin->id, backup::TARGET_EXISTING_ADDING);
+    } else {
+        $courseid = restore_dbops::create_new_course($fullname, $shortname, $category->id);
+        $rc = new restore_controller($backupdir, $courseid, backup::INTERACTIVE_NO,
+            backup::MODE_GENERAL, $admin->id, backup::TARGET_NEW_COURSE);
+    }
+    $rc->execute_precheck();
+    $rc->execute_plan();
+    $rc->destroy();
+
+    // Rename course name if the backup is from course module and restore to category.
+    if (empty($course)) {
+        $course = get_course($courseid);
+        list($fullname, $shortname) = restore_dbops::calculate_course_names(0, get_string('restoretonewcourse', 'backup'),
+            get_string('newcourse'));
+        $course->fullname = $fullname;
+        $course->shortname = $shortname;
+        $course->visible = 1;
+        $DB->update_record('course', $course);
+    }
+} catch (Exception $e) {
+    cli_heading(get_string('cleaningtempdata'));
+    fulldelete($path);
+    throw new \moodle_exception('generalexceptionmessage', 'error', '', $e->getMessage());
+}
+
+cli_heading(get_string('restoredcourseid', 'backup', $courseid));
+exit(0);

admin/cli/scheduled_task.php

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI task execution.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2014 Petr Skoda
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once("$CFG->libdir/clilib.php");
+
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    [
+        'help' => false,
+        'list' => false,
+        'execute' => false,
+        'showsql' => false,
+        'showdebugging' => false,
+        'force' => false,
+        'disable' => false,
+        'enable' => false,
+    ], [
+        'h' => 'help',
+        'f' => 'force',
+    ]
+);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+$commands = ['list', 'execute', 'disable', 'enable'];
+$hascommand = count(array_filter($commands, fn($command) => $options[$command])) > 0;
+if ($options['help'] || !$hascommand) {
+    $help =
+    "Scheduled cron tasks.
+
+    Options:
+    --disable=\\some\\task  Disable scheduled task
+    --enable=\\some\\task  Enable scheduled task
+    --execute=\\some\\task  Execute scheduled task manually
+    --list                List all scheduled tasks
+    --showsql             Show sql queries before they are executed
+    --showdebugging       Show developer level debugging information
+    -h, --help            Print out this help
+    -f, --force           Execute task even if cron is disabled
+
+    Example:
+    \$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/scheduled_task.php --execute=\\core\\task\\session_cleanup_task
+
+    ";
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+if ($options['showdebugging'] || !empty($CFG->showcrondebugging)) {
+    set_debugging(DEBUG_DEVELOPER, true);
+}
+
+if ($options['showsql'] || !empty($CFG->showcronsql)) {
+    $DB->set_debug(true);
+}
+if ($options['list']) {
+    cli_heading("List of scheduled tasks ($CFG->wwwroot)");
+
+    $shorttime = get_string('strftimedatetimeshort');
+
+    $tasks = \core\task\manager::get_all_scheduled_tasks();
+    echo str_pad(get_string('scheduledtasks', 'tool_task'), 50, ' ') . ' ' . str_pad(get_string('runpattern', 'tool_task'), 17, ' ')
+        . ' ' . str_pad(get_string('lastruntime', 'tool_task'), 40, ' ') . get_string('nextruntime', 'tool_task') . "\n";
+    foreach ($tasks as $task) {
+        $class = '\\' . get_class($task);
+        $schedule = $task->get_minute() . ' '
+            . $task->get_hour() . ' '
+            . $task->get_day() . ' '
+            . $task->get_day_of_week() . ' '
+            . $task->get_month() . ' '
+            . $task->get_day_of_week();
+        $nextrun = $task->get_next_run_time();
+        $lastrun = $task->get_last_run_time();
+
+        $plugininfo = core_plugin_manager::instance()->get_plugin_info($task->get_component());
+        $plugindisabled = $plugininfo && $plugininfo->is_enabled() === false && !$task->get_run_if_component_disabled();
+
+        if ($plugindisabled) {
+            $nextrun = get_string('plugindisabled', 'tool_task');
+        } else if ($task->get_disabled()) {
+            $nextrun = get_string('taskdisabled', 'tool_task');
+        } else if ($nextrun > time()) {
+            $nextrun = userdate($nextrun);
+        } else {
+            $nextrun = get_string('asap', 'tool_task');
+        }
+
+        if ($lastrun) {
+            $lastrun = userdate($lastrun);
+        } else {
+            $lastrun = get_string('never');
+        }
+
+        echo str_pad($class, 50, ' ') . ' ' . str_pad($schedule, 17, ' ') .
+            ' ' . str_pad($lastrun, 40, ' ') . ' ' . $nextrun . "\n";
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if (moodle_needs_upgrading()) {
+    mtrace("Moodle upgrade pending, cannot manage tasks.");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+if ($disable = $options['disable']) {
+    if (!$task = \core\task\manager::get_scheduled_task($disable)) {
+        mtrace("Task '$disable' not found");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    try {
+        $task->disable();
+        mtrace("Disabled '$disable'");
+    } catch (Exception $e) {
+        mtrace("$e->getMessage()");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+} else if ($enable = $options['enable']) {
+    if (!$task = \core\task\manager::get_scheduled_task($enable)) {
+        mtrace("Task '$enable' not found");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    try {
+        $task->enable();
+        mtrace("Enabled '$enable'");
+    } catch (Exception $e) {
+        mtrace("$e->getMessage()");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+} else if ($execute = $options['execute']) {
+    if (!$task = \core\task\manager::get_scheduled_task($execute)) {
+        mtrace("Task '$execute' not found");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (!get_config('core', 'cron_enabled') && !$options['force']) {
+        mtrace('Cron is disabled. Use --force to override.');
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    \core\task\manager::scheduled_task_starting($task);
+
+    // Increase memory limit.
+    raise_memory_limit(MEMORY_EXTRA);
+
+    // Emulate normal session - we use admin account by default.
+    \core\cron::setup_user();
+
+    // Execute the task.
+    \core\local\cli\shutdown::script_supports_graceful_exit();
+    $cronlockfactory = \core\lock\lock_config::get_lock_factory('cron');
+    if (!$cronlock = $cronlockfactory->get_lock('core_cron', 10)) {
+        mtrace('Cannot obtain cron lock');
+        exit(129);
+    }
+    if (!$lock = $cronlockfactory->get_lock('\\' . get_class($task), 10)) {
+        $cronlock->release();
+        mtrace('Cannot obtain task lock');
+        exit(130);
+    }
+
+    $task->set_lock($lock);
+    $cronlock->release();
+
+    \core\cron::run_inner_scheduled_task($task);
+}

admin/cli/svgtool.php

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script implements some useful svg manipulation tricks.
+ *
+ * @package    core_admin
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2012 Petr Skoda {@link http://skodak.org}
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');
+
+// Now get cli options.
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(array('help'=>false, 'ie9fix'=>false, 'noaspectratio'=>false, 'path'=>$CFG->dirroot),
+    array('h'=>'help'));
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+// If necessary add files that should be ignored - such as in 3rd party plugins.
+$ignorelist = array();
+$path = $options['path'];
+if (!file_exists($path)) {
+    cli_error("Invalid path $path");
+}
+
+if ($options['ie9fix']) {
+    core_admin_recurse_svgs($path, '', 'core_admin_svgtool_ie9fix', $ignorelist);
+
+} else if ($options['noaspectratio']) {
+    core_admin_recurse_svgs($path, '', 'core_admin_svgtool_noaspectratio', $ignorelist);
+
+} else {
+    $help =
+        "Some svg image tweaks for icon designers.
+
+Options:
+
+-h, --help            Print out this help
+--ie9fix              Adds preserveAspectRatio=\"xMinYMid meet\" to every svg image
+--noaspectratio       Removes preserveAspectRatio from svg files
+--path=PATH           Path to directory or file to be converted, by default \$CFG->dirroot
+
+Examples:
+\$ php svgtool.php --ie9fix
+\$ php svgtool.php --ie9fix --path=../../../pix
+\$ php svgtool.php --noaspectratio
+";
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+exit(0);
+
+/**
+ * Fixes SVG images for IE9.
+ *
+ * @param string $file
+ */
+function core_admin_svgtool_ie9fix($file) {
+    global $CFG;
+
+    if (strpos($file, $CFG->dirroot.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) === 0) {
+        $relfile = substr($file, strlen($CFG->dirroot));
+    } else {
+        $relfile = $file;
+    }
+
+    $content = file_get_contents($file);
+
+    if (!preg_match('/<svg\s[^>]*>/', $content, $matches)) {
+        echo "  skipping $relfile (invalid format)\n";
+        return;
+    }
+    $svg = $matches[0];
+    if (strpos($svg, 'preserveAspectRatio') !== false) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!is_writable($file)) {
+        echo "  skipping $relfile (can not modify file)\n";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $newsvg = rtrim($svg, '>').' preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet">';
+
+    $content = str_replace($svg, $newsvg, $content);
+    echo "converting $relfile\n";
+    file_put_contents($file, $content);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes preserveAspectRatio attributes from SVG images.
+ *
+ * @param string $file
+ */
+function core_admin_svgtool_noaspectratio($file) {
+    global $CFG;
+
+    if (strpos($file, $CFG->dirroot.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) === 0) {
+        $relfile = substr($file, strlen($CFG->dirroot));
+    } else {
+        $relfile = $file;
+    }
+
+    $content = file_get_contents($file);
+
+    if (!preg_match('/<svg\s[^>]*>/', $content, $matches)) {
+        echo "  skipping $relfile (invalid format)\n";
+        return;
+    }
+    $svg = $matches[0];
+    if (strpos($svg, 'preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet"') === false) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!is_writable($file)) {
+        echo "  skipping $relfile (can not modify file)\n";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $newsvg = preg_replace('/ ?preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet"/', '', $svg);
+
+    $content = str_replace($svg, $newsvg, $content);
+    echo "resetting $relfile\n";
+    file_put_contents($file, $content);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Recursively works through directories of this theme, finding and fixing SVG images.
+ *
+ * @param string $base
+ * @param string $sub
+ * @param string $filecallback
+ * @param array $ignorelist List of files to be ignored and skipped.
+ */
+function core_admin_recurse_svgs($base, $sub, $filecallback, $ignorelist) {
+    if (is_dir("$base/$sub")) {
+        $items = new DirectoryIterator("$base/$sub");
+        foreach ($items as $item) {
+            if ($item->isDot()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $file = $item->getFilename();
+            core_admin_recurse_svgs("$base/$sub", $file, $filecallback, $ignorelist);
+        }
+        unset($item);
+        unset($items);
+        return;
+
+    } else if (is_file("$base/$sub")) {
+        if (substr($sub, -4) !== '.svg') {
+            return;
+        }
+        $file = realpath("$base/$sub");
+        if (in_array($file, $ignorelist)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $filecallback($file);
+    }
+}

admin/cli/uninstall_plugins.php

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+<?php
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * CLI script to uninstall plugins.
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2018 Dmitrii Metelkin <dmitriim@catalyst-au.net>
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+
+require(__DIR__ . '/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/clilib.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir . '/adminlib.php');
+
+$help = "Command line tool to uninstall plugins.
+
+Options:
+    -h --help                   Print this help.
+    --show-all                  Displays a list of all installed plugins.
+    --show-contrib              Displays a list of all third-party installed plugins.
+    --show-missing              Displays a list of plugins missing from disk.
+    --purge-missing             Uninstall all missing from disk plugins.
+    --plugins=<plugin name>     A comma separated list of plugins to be uninstalled. E.g. mod_assign,mod_forum
+    --run                       Execute uninstall. If this option is not set, then the script will be run in a dry mode.
+    --showsql                   Show sql queries before they are executed.
+    --showdebugging             Show developer level debugging information.
+
+Examples:
+
+    # php uninstall_plugins.php  --show-all
+        Prints tab-separated list of all installed plugins.
+
+    # php uninstall_plugins.php  --show-contrib
+        Prints tab-separated list of all third-party installed plugins.
+
+    # php uninstall_plugins.php  --show-missing
+        Prints tab-separated list of all missing from disk plugins.
+
+    # php uninstall_plugins.php  --purge-missing
+        A dry run of uninstalling all missing plugins.
+
+    # php uninstall_plugins.php  --purge-missing --run
+        Run uninstall of all missing plugins.
+
+    # php uninstall_plugins.php  --plugins=mod_assign,mod_forum
+        A dry run of uninstalling mod_assign and mod_forum plugins.
+
+    # php uninstall_plugins.php  --plugins=mod_assign,mod_forum --run
+        Run uninstall for mod_assign and mod_forum plugins.
+";
+
+list($options, $unrecognised) = cli_get_params([
+    'help' => false,
+    'show-all' => false,
+    'show-contrib' => false,
+    'show-missing' => false,
+    'purge-missing' => false,
+    'plugins' => false,
+    'run' => false,
+    'showsql' => false,
+    'showdebugging' => false,
+], [
+    'h' => 'help'
+]);
+
+if ($unrecognised) {
+    $unrecognised = implode(PHP_EOL.'  ', $unrecognised);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'core_admin', $unrecognised));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    cli_writeln($help);
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['showdebugging']) {
+    set_debugging(DEBUG_DEVELOPER, true);
+}
+
+if ($options['showsql']) {
+    $DB->set_debug(true);
+}
+
+$pluginman = core_plugin_manager::instance();
+$plugininfo = $pluginman->get_plugins();
+
+if ($options['show-all'] || $options['show-missing'] || $options['show-contrib']) {
+    foreach ($plugininfo as $type => $plugins) {
+        foreach ($plugins as $name => $plugin) {
+            if ($options['show-contrib'] && $plugin->is_standard()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $pluginstring = $plugin->component . "\t" . $plugin->displayname;
+
+            if ($options['show-all'] || $options['show-contrib']) {
+                cli_writeln($pluginstring);
+            } else {
+                if ($plugin->get_status() === core_plugin_manager::PLUGIN_STATUS_MISSING) {
+                    cli_writeln($pluginstring);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['purge-missing']) {
+    foreach ($plugininfo as $type => $plugins) {
+        foreach ($plugins as $name => $plugin) {
+            if ($plugin->get_status() === core_plugin_manager::PLUGIN_STATUS_MISSING) {
+
+                $pluginstring = $plugin->component . "\t" . $plugin->displayname;
+
+                if ($pluginman->can_uninstall_plugin($plugin->component)) {
+                    if ($options['run']) {
+                        cli_writeln('Uninstalling: ' . $pluginstring);
+
+                        $progress = new progress_trace_buffer(new text_progress_trace(), true);
+                        $pluginman->uninstall_plugin($plugin->component, $progress);
+                        $progress->finished();
+                        cli_write($progress->get_buffer());
+                    } else {
+                        cli_writeln('Will be uninstalled: ' . $pluginstring);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    cli_writeln('Can not be uninstalled: ' . $pluginstring);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+if ($options['plugins']) {
+    $components = explode(',', $options['plugins']);
+    foreach ($components as $component) {
+        $plugin = $pluginman->get_plugin_info($component);
+
+        if (is_null($plugin)) {
+            cli_writeln('Unknown plugin: ' . $component);
+        } else {
+            $pluginstring = $plugin->component . "\t" . $plugin->displayname;
+
+            if ($pluginman->can_uninstall_plugin($plugin->component)) {
+                if ($options['run']) {
+                    cli_writeln('Uninstalling: ' . $pluginstring);
+                    $progress = new progress_trace_buffer(new text_progress_trace(), true);
+                    $pluginman->uninstall_plugin($plugin->component, $progress);
+                    $progress->finished();
+                    cli_write($progress->get_buffer());
+                } else {
+                    cli_writeln('Will be uninstalled: ' . $pluginstring);
+                }
+            } else {
+                cli_writeln('Can not be uninstalled: ' . $pluginstring);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+cli_writeln($help);
+exit(0);

admin/cli/upgrade.php

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+<?php
+
+// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/**
+ * This script creates config.php file and prepares database.
+ *
+ * This script is not intended for beginners!
+ * Potential problems:
+ * - su to apache account or sudo before execution
+ * - not compatible with Windows platform
+ *
+ * @package    core
+ * @subpackage cli
+ * @copyright  2009 Petr Skoda (http://skodak.org)
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+// Force OPcache reset if used, we do not want any stale caches
+// when detecting if upgrade necessary or when running upgrade.
+if (function_exists('opcache_reset') and !isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
+    opcache_reset();
+}
+
+define('CLI_SCRIPT', true);
+define('CACHE_DISABLE_ALL', true);
+
+require(__DIR__.'/../../config.php');
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/adminlib.php');       // various admin-only functions
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/upgradelib.php');     // general upgrade/install related functions
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/clilib.php');         // cli only functions
+require_once($CFG->libdir.'/environmentlib.php');
+
+// now get cli options
+$lang = isset($SESSION->lang) ? $SESSION->lang : $CFG->lang;
+list($options, $unrecognized) = cli_get_params(
+    array(
+        'allow-unstable'            => false,
+        'help'                      => false,
+        'is-maintenance-required'   => false,
+        'is-pending'                => false,
+        'lang'                      => $lang,
+        'maintenance'               => true,
+        'non-interactive'           => false,
+        'set-ui-upgrade-lock'       => false,
+        'unset-ui-upgrade-lock'     => false,
+        'verbose-settings'          => false,
+    ),
+    array(
+        'h' => 'help'
+    )
+);
+
+if ($options['lang']) {
+    $SESSION->lang = $options['lang'];
+}
+
+$interactive = empty($options['non-interactive']);
+
+if ($unrecognized) {
+    $unrecognized = implode("\n  ", $unrecognized);
+    cli_error(get_string('cliunknowoption', 'admin', $unrecognized));
+}
+
+if ($options['help']) {
+    $help =
+"Command line Moodle upgrade.
+Please note you must execute this script with the same uid as apache!
+
+Site defaults may be changed via local/defaults.php.
+
+Options:
+--allow-unstable            Upgrade even if the version is not marked as stable yet,
+                            required in non-interactive mode.
+-h, --help                  Print out this help.
+--is-maintenance-required   Returns exit code 2 if the upgrade requires maintenance mode.
+                            Returns exit code 3 if no maintenance is required for the upgrade.
+--is-pending                Exit with error code 2 if an upgrade is required.
+--lang=CODE                 Set preferred language for CLI output. Defaults to the
+                            site language if not set. Defaults to 'en' if the lang
+                            parameter is invalid or if the language pack is not
+                            installed.
+--maintenance               Sets whether this upgrade will use maintenance mode.
+                            If not possible, the upgrade will not happen and the script will exit.
+                            WARNING: Caches (except theme) will be STALE and MUST be purged after upgrading.
+                            DO NOT USE if the upgrade contains known breaking changes to the way data
+                            and the database interact.
+                            RECOMMENDED for lightweight deployments, to allow for a graceful purge and
+                            rebuild of the cache.
+--non-interactive           No interactive questions or confirmations.
+--set-ui-upgrade-lock       Sets the upgrade to CLI only and unable to be triggered from the frontend.
+                            If called with --maintenance=false, the lock WILL NOT be released when the
+                            upgrade finishes, and MUST be manually removed.
+                            If called with --is-maintenance-required before an upgrade,
+                            The lock WILL be released when the upgrade finishes.
+--unset-ui-upgrade-lock     Removes the frontend upgrade lock, if the lock exists.
+                            Useful when an error during the upgrade leaves the upgrade locked,
+                            or there is need to control the time where the unlock happens.
+--verbose-settings          Show new settings values. By default only the name of
+                            new core or plugin settings are displayed. This option
+                            outputs the new values as well as the setting name.
+
+Example:
+\$sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/upgrade.php
+"; //TODO: localize - to be translated later when everything is finished
+
+    echo $help;
+    die;
+}
+
+if (empty($CFG->version)) {
+    cli_error(get_string('missingconfigversion', 'debug'));
+}
+
+require("$CFG->dirroot/version.php");       // defines $version, $release, $branch and $maturity
+$CFG->target_release = $release;            // used during installation and upgrades
+
+if ($version < $CFG->version) {
+    cli_error(get_string('downgradedcore', 'error'));
+}
+
+$oldversion = "$CFG->release ($CFG->version)";
+$newversion = "$release ($version)";
+
+if ($options['unset-ui-upgrade-lock']) {
+    // Unconditionally unset this config if requested.
+    set_config('outagelessupgrade', false);
+    cli_writeln(get_string('cliupgradeunsetlock', 'admin'));
+}
+
+$allhash = core_component::get_all_component_hash();
+
+// Initialise allcomponent hash if not set. It will be correctly set after upgrade.
+$CFG->allcomponenthash = $CFG->allcomponenthash ?? '';
+if (!$options['maintenance']) {
+    if ($allhash !== $CFG->allcomponenthash) {
+        // Throw an error here, we can't proceed, this needs to set maintenance.
+        cli_error(get_string('cliupgrademaintenancerequired', 'core_admin'), 2);
+    }
+
+    // Set a constant to stop any upgrade var from being set during processing.
+    // This protects against the upgrade setting timeouts and maintenance during the upgrade.
+    define('CLI_UPGRADE_RUNNING', true);
+
+    // This database control is the control to block the GUI from doing upgrade related actions.
+    set_config('outagelessupgrade', true);
+}
+
+// We should ignore all upgrade locks here.
+if (!moodle_needs_upgrading(false)) {
+    cli_error(get_string('cliupgradenoneed', 'core_admin', $newversion), 0);
+}
+
+// Handle exit based options for outputting upgrade state.
+if ($options['is-pending'] || $options['is-maintenance-required']) {
+    // If we aren't doing a maintenance check, plain pending check.
+    if (!$options['is-maintenance-required']) {
+        cli_error(get_string('cliupgradepending', 'core_admin'), 2);
+    }
+
+    // Can we do this safely with no maintenance/outage? Detect if there is a schema or other application state change.
+    if ($allhash !== $CFG->allcomponenthash) {
+        // State change here, we need to do this in maintenance.
+        cli_writeln(get_string('cliupgradepending', 'core_admin'));
+        cli_error(get_string('cliupgrademaintenancerequired', 'core_admin'), 2);
+    }
+
+    // If requested, we should always set the upgrade lock here, so this cannot be run from frontend.
+    if ($options['set-ui-upgrade-lock']) {
+        set_config('outagelessupgrade', true);
+        cli_writeln(get_string('cliupgradesetlock', 'admin'));
+    }
+
+    // We can do an upgrade without maintenance!
+    cli_writeln(get_string('cliupgradepending', 'core_admin'));
+    cli_error(get_string('cliupgrademaintenancenotrequired', 'core_admin'), 3);
+}
+
+// Test environment first.
+list($envstatus, $environment_results) = check_moodle_environment(normalize_version($release), ENV_SELECT_RELEASE);
+if (!$envstatus) {
+    $errors = environment_get_errors($environment_results);
+    cli_heading(get_string('environment', 'admin'));
+    foreach ($errors as $error) {
+        list($info, $report) = $error;
+        echo "!! $info !!\n$report\n\n";
+    }
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+// Make sure there are no files left over from previous versions.
+if (upgrade_stale_php_files_present()) {
+    cli_problem(get_string('upgradestalefiles', 'admin'));
+
+    // Stale file info contains HTML elements which aren't suitable for CLI.
+    $upgradestalefilesinfo = get_string('upgradestalefilesinfo', 'admin', get_docs_url('Upgrading'));
+    cli_error(strip_tags($upgradestalefilesinfo));
+}
+
+// Test plugin dependencies.
+$failed = array();
+if (!core_plugin_manager::instance()->all_plugins_ok($version, $failed, $CFG->branch)) {
+    cli_problem(get_string('pluginscheckfailed', 'admin', array('pluginslist' => implode(', ', array_unique($failed)))));
+    cli_error(get_string('pluginschecktodo', 'admin'));
+}
+
+$a = new stdClass();
+$a->oldversion = $oldversion;
+$a->newversion = $newversion;
+
+if ($interactive) {
+    echo cli_heading(get_string('databasechecking', '', $a)) . PHP_EOL;
+}
+
+// make sure we are upgrading to a stable release or display a warning
+if (isset($maturity)) {
+    if (($maturity < MATURITY_STABLE) and !$options['allow-unstable']) {
+        $maturitylevel = get_string('maturity'.$maturity, 'admin');
+
+        if ($interactive) {
+            cli_separator();
+            cli_heading(get_string('notice'));
+            echo get_string('maturitycorewarning', 'admin', $maturitylevel) . PHP_EOL;
+            echo get_string('morehelp') . ': ' . get_docs_url('admin/versions') . PHP_EOL;
+            cli_separator();
+        } else {
+            cli_problem(get_string('maturitycorewarning', 'admin', $maturitylevel));
+            cli_error(get_string('maturityallowunstable', 'admin'));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+if ($interactive) {
+    echo html_to_text(get_string('upgradesure', 'admin', $newversion))."\n";
+    $prompt = get_string('cliyesnoprompt', 'admin');
+    $input = cli_input($prompt, '', array(get_string('clianswerno', 'admin'), get_string('cliansweryes', 'admin')));
+    if ($input == get_string('clianswerno', 'admin')) {
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+if ($version > $CFG->version) {
+
+    // Only purge caches if this is a plain upgrade.
+    // In the case of a no-outage upgrade, we will gracefully roll caches after upgrade.
+    if ($options['maintenance']) {
+        // We purge all of MUC's caches here.
+        // Caches are disabled for upgrade by CACHE_DISABLE_ALL so we must set the first arg to true.
+        // This ensures a real config object is loaded and the stores will be purged.
+        // This is the only way we can purge custom caches such as memcache or APC.
+        // Note: all other calls to caches will still used the disabled API.
+        cache_helper::purge_all(true);
+    }
+
+    upgrade_core($version, true);
+}
+set_config('release', $release);
+set_config('branch', $branch);
+
+// unconditionally upgrade
+upgrade_noncore(true);
+
+// log in as admin - we need doanything permission when applying defaults
+\core\session\manager::set_user(get_admin());
+
+// Apply default settings and output those that have changed.
+cli_heading(get_string('cliupgradedefaultheading', 'admin'));
+$settingsoutput = admin_apply_default_settings(null, false);
+
+foreach ($settingsoutput as $setting => $value) {
+
+    if ($options['verbose-settings']) {
+        $stringvlaues = array(
+                'name' => $setting,
+                'defaultsetting' => var_export($value, true) // Expand objects.
+        );
+        echo get_string('cliupgradedefaultverbose', 'admin', $stringvlaues) . PHP_EOL;
+
+    } else {
+        echo get_string('cliupgradedefault', 'admin', $setting) . PHP_EOL;
+
+    }
+}
+
+// This needs to happen at the end to ensure it occurs after all caches
+// have been purged for the last time.
+// This will build a cached version of the current theme for the user
+// to immediately start browsing the site.
+upgrade_themes();
+
+echo get_string('cliupgradefinished', 'admin', $a)."\n";
+
+if (!$options['maintenance']) {
+    cli_writeln(get_string('cliupgradecompletenomaintenanceupgrade', 'admin'));
+
+    // Here we check if upgrade lock has not been specifically set during this upgrade run.
+    // This supports wider server orchestration actions happening, which should call with no-maintenance AND set-ui-upgrade-lock,
+    // such as a new docker container deployment, of which the moodle upgrade is only a component.
+    if (!$options['set-ui-upgrade-lock']) {
+        // In this case we should release the lock now, as the upgrade is finished.
+        // We weren't told to keep the lock with set-ui-upgrade-lock, so release.
+        set_config('outagelessupgrade', false);
+    }
+}
+
+exit(0); // 0 means success